Week 7 Flashcards
What significant event in 1453 disrupted usual commercial routes?
The Fall of Constantinople
This event led to the incorporation of Constantinople into the Ottoman Empire.
What sailing ship was developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century?
The caravel
This ship was able to navigate oceans effectively.
What two navigational tools were influenced by the Islamic world?
- Compass
- Astrolabe
The astrolabe was particularly useful for determining the positions of celestial bodies.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The flow of goods, crops, mineral wealth, and more between Europe and the Americas
It includes the exchange of livestock, humans, plants, and various other elements.
What did European powers establish to study and commodify elements of the natural world?
Royal Gardens
These institutions were part of the colonization process.
Which crops were brought to North America by French migrants?
- Wheat
- Rye
- Barley
- Oats
- Millet
- Buckwheat
- Peas
- Flax
- Hemp
- Cabbages
- Asparagus
These crops were significant for agricultural development in the colonies.
What livestock was introduced to Canada from Europe?
- Horses
- Cows
- Pigs
- Sheep
- Chickens
- Cats
- Rats
- Honey bees
The introduction of these animals had numerous implications for the environment and agriculture.
Who is known for the rigorous preparation of maps in the French colonial power?
Samuel de Champlain
His 1632 map was based on authentic surveys.
Which explorers provided geographical information to European cartographers?
Jesuit missionaries
They were instrumental in mapping regions such as the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.
What institution did the Jesuits found in Québec in 1635?
A college for the advancement of mathematical education and science
This college emphasized subjects like mathematics, astronomy, and physics.
What was the significance of the Académie Royale des Sciences founded in 1666?
It influenced the practice of science in New France
This institution fostered a connection between the management of France’s colonies and scientific support.
What notable communication was given to the Royal Society of London in 1685?
An Account of a sort of sugar made of the juice of the maple in Canada
This was one of the first accounts in English about maple sugar production in the French colony.
What medicinal product was used by medical authorities in New France?
Ginseng
It was valued for treating respiratory problems and stimulating appetite.
What was the commercial link created between Canada and China?
Exportation of New France ginseng roots to La Rochelle and then to Guangzhou
This trade boom occurred between 1749 and 1752 but led to overexploitation.
Fill in the blank: The Jesuits opened a hydrography school in _______.
1708
This school focused on teaching mathematics, astronomy, and physics.
True or False: The use of North American products in the colony’s pharmacopeia was significant.
False
The use was minimal despite interest from medical practitioners.
What major 1453 event disrupted European trade and contributed to the Age of Exploration?
The Fall of Constantinople and its takeover by the Ottoman Empire.
Name two navigational tools adopted by Europeans during the Age of Exploration.
The compass and the astrolabe.
What ship design helped the Portuguese explore the oceans in the 15th century?
The caravel.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
A two-way flow of goods, species, people, and ideas between Europe and the Americas.
Which European country transplanted many of its native crops and livestock to Canada?
France.
List three crops the French brought to Canada.
Wheat, barley, and peas.
Which animals were introduced to Canada during the Columbian Exchange?
Horses, pigs, cows, chickens, bees, cats, and rats.
Who was Samuel de Champlain, and what was his contribution?
A French explorer known for producing accurate maps of New France, especially the 1632 map.
What role did Jesuit missionaries play in science during the colonial period?
They advanced cartography, hydrography, and mathematics in New France.
What river did Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet map in 1673?
The Mississippi River.
What subjects were taught at the Jesuit hydrography school in 1708?
Mathematics, astronomy, and physics.
What was the significance of the Académie Royale des Sciences in Paris (1666)?
It influenced scientific practice in New France and maintained authority over colonial science.
Who was Michel Sarrazin?
A doctor and naturalist who reported on New France’s natural history to the Académie royale.
What product from Canada was discussed in a 1685 Royal Society communication?
Maple sugar.
What Indigenous knowledge was recognized in early maple sugar studies?
Techniques for extracting and refining maple sap.
Which plant was prized in New France for its medicinal value and exported to China?
Ginseng.
What was the first commercial link between Canada and China?
The export of North American ginseng to Guangzhou via France.
What factors did Sarrazin suggest influenced maple sap production?
Seasonal changes, snow cover, and air temperature.
