Week 3 Flashcards
What time period is referred to as the Islamic Golden Age?
8th-13th century
What was the House of Wisdom?
A center for translation and learning founded in Baghdad in 832
Who was Hunein?
An Arab Christian translator who led efforts to translate Greek and Persian texts into Arabic
What major scientific contributions did the Islamic Golden Age produce?
- Medicine
- Mathematics
- Astronomy
- Architecture and Arts
What role did translators play during the Islamic Golden Age?
They translated, commented on, and revised Greek works, contributing to the development of Islamic natural philosophy
What is the significance of the Pandidakterion established in 425 CE?
It was an educational institution that preserved Greco-Roman traditions
What happened to the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE?
It collapsed
What was the impact of the Byzantine Empire on natural philosophy?
It preserved natural philosophy through education but saw few innovations
What was the primary focus of the Islamic response to Greek science?
To translate, comment, change, and debunk Greek concepts
What significant event occurred in 610 CE?
Revelations to Muhammad
When was Baghdad founded?
762 CE
What was the Jāmiʻat al-Qarawīyīn known for?
Considered the oldest university in the world, established in 859
Fill in the blank: The earliest known Islamic hospital was built in _______.
Baghdad
Who was Rhazes and what was his contribution to medicine?
Rhazes (Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi) was a physician who worked on infectious diseases and emphasized public hygiene
What is an astrolabe?
An astronomical instrument used to measure positions and altitude of celestial bodies
True or False: The astrolabe was invented by the Islamic scholars.
False
What major scientific innovations were attributed to the Song Dynasty in China?
- Astronomical Clock
- Hydraulic Engineering
- Cartography
- Compass
What was the significance of paper money during the Song Dynasty?
It represented advancements in economy and industry
Fill in the blank: The Islamic interest in astrolabes was driven by ______, astrological, and mathematical concerns.
religious
What were some of the key subjects taught in the Pandidakterion?
- Law
- Philosophy
- Medicine
- Arithmetic
- Geometry
- Astronomy
- Music
- Rhetoric
What did Rhazes criticize in his work Al-Hawi?
He criticized Galen and suggested alternative qualities of matter
What technological innovations emerged during the Islamic Golden Age?
- Soap
- Coffee
- Scientific instruments
What was the main period of translation of Greek works into Arabic?
During Abbasid rule (750-1258 CE)
Fill in the blank: The Islamic Golden Age is often associated with the city of _______.
Baghdad
What event marked the beginning of Islam?
The revelations to Muhammad in 610 CE.
What was the House of Wisdom and when was it founded?
A major intellectual center in Baghdad for translation and scholarship, founded in 832 CE.
Who was Hunein ibn Ishaq?
A Christian Arab translator who led efforts to translate Greek medical and philosophical texts into Arabic.
What was the main goal of the Graeco-Arabic translation movement?
To translate and adapt Greek philosophical and scientific works into Arabic.
Which Islamic scholar is considered the founder of modern optics?
Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham).
How did Alhazen improve upon Greek theories of vision?
He emphasized experimentation and developed a new theory of vision using light rays and the eye.
What was Rhazes (Al-Razi) known for?
Advances in medicine, writing Al-Hawi, and identifying smallpox and measles.
What innovation did Islamic scholars improve for timekeeping and astronomy?
The astrolabe.
What was the significance of paper introduction from China in the 8th century?
It facilitated the spread of knowledge by making books and libraries more accessible.
What are madrasas?
Islamic educational institutions attached to mosques.
What was Al-Hawi?
A comprehensive medical encyclopedia by Rhazes, later translated into Latin.
When did the Islamic Golden Age occur?
Between the 8th and 13th centuries.
What caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age?
The Mongol invasion and fall of Baghdad in 1258 CE.
Which Chinese dynasty paralleled the Islamic Golden Age and what was it known for?
The Song Dynasty, known for inventions like the astronomical clock and gunpowder.
What was the purpose of the astrolabe in the Islamic world?
Used for celestial navigation, prayer time calculation, and scientific study.
