Week 6 Flashcards
What characterized the Scientific Revolution?
Rapid advances in European scientific and political thought based on a new philosophy of empiricism and faith in progress.
Who is known for the development of the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
What did Francis Bacon emphasize for building true knowledge?
Empirical experimentation
What is the Tychonic system?
A geo-heliocentric model where the Sun revolves around the Earth, and other planets revolve around the Sun.
What significant astronomical observations did Tycho Brahe make?
A new star in 1572 and a comet in 1577.
What are Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion?
- Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus
- A line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times
- The square of the time of a planet’s orbit is proportional to the cube of the mean radius.
What was Galileo’s contribution to heliocentrism?
He defended heliocentrism and made significant astronomical observations using a telescope.
What happened to Galileo in 1633?
He was tried by the Inquisition and forced to abjure his support for heliocentrism.
What are Isaac Newton’s three laws of motion?
- Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by a force
- The change of motion is proportional to the force impressed
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What does the law of universal gravitation state?
Every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
What is the Royal Society of London?
A scientific institution established in 1662, independent from the university system and state.
How was the Académie royale des sciences organized?
Top-down organization with appointed academicians paid as civil servants.
What was the role of the Russian Academy of Science established in 1724?
To promote Westernization and modernization of Russia, including cartography and translation of scientific works.
What are four enduring legacies of the Scientific Revolution?
- Science as a public endeavor
- Cooperative nature of scientific projects
- Establishment of scientific communications
- Recognition of scientists as experts.
What was the significance of laboratories in the Scientific Revolution?
They allowed for controlled experiments and verification through duplication, standardizing scientific practice.
Who popularized the use of microscopes in the 17th century?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
True or False: The Scientific Revolution marked a complete break from Medieval Science.
False
Fill in the blank: The transition from a geocentric to a _______ universe was a key change during the Scientific Revolution.
heliocentric
What was a major limitation in the changes brought by the Scientific Revolution?
Limited opportunities for women in science.
What did Barckhausen contribute to laboratories?
Standardization of science and a controlled environment for experiments.
