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Movement Science 1 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Label stages

A
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2
Q

What are the 6 core tasks for movement?

A
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3
Q

Explain why when the left leg moves forward, the acetabulum moves anteriorly in transverse plane

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4
Q

Explain each step

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5
Q

What is the position of the vertebra in lordosis/kyphosis?

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6
Q

What is a functional vertebral unit?

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7
Q

What are the main anterior, middle, and posterior structures?

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8
Q

Label

A
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9
Q

What are the levels of upper and lower cervical spine?

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10
Q

What are the cervical motions?

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11
Q

How many facets are in the cervical vertebra (C3-C6)?

A

10
2 superior, 2 inferior, 4 costal (ribs), 2 uncinate (curved)

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12
Q

What is this? Motions?

A

Atlas (C1)

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13
Q

What is this? Motions?

A

Atlanto-axial joint (C1-2) Motions: medial/lateral rotation, shaking head “no”, 50% of the total rotation of the entire cervical spine

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14
Q

Label

A
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15
Q

What are the main atlanto-occipital ligaments (C0-1)?

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16
Q

What are the main atlanto-axial ligaments (C1-2)?

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17
Q

Which ligaments provide stability in the upper cervical spine by limiting rotation?

A

(When Alar is affected, it increases vulnerability to spinal cord or vertebral artery)

Alar ligament
Apical ligament
Transverse ligament

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18
Q

Label

A
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19
Q

Label

A
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20
Q

List the ligaments and their roles for the lower cervical spine C2-7

A
  • Intertransverse ligament: connects one transverse process to another. Provides stability in the transverse plane
  • Longitudinal Ligament (ALL): Runs along the anterior vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, limiting excessive extension.
  • Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL): Runs along the posterior vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, limiting excessive flexion.
  • Ligamentum Flavum: Connects adjacent laminae, providing elastic recoil after flexion and preventing excessive motion.
  • Interspinous Ligament: Connects adjacent spinous processes, resisting excessive flexion.
  • Supraspinous Ligament: Runs along the tips of the spinous processes and provides further resistance to excessive flexion.
  • Nuchal Ligament (Ligamentum Nuchae): A thickened continuation of the supraspinous ligament in the cervical region. It serves as a strong midline attachment for muscles and provides postural support, resisting hyperflexion.
  • Facet Joint Capsules: Surround the facet (zygapophyseal) joints and limit excessive motion while guiding movement.
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21
Q

List the ligaments and their roles for C0-C1

A

The main ligaments supporting this joint are:
* Anterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane (AO Membrane): A continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament, it limits excessive extension.
* Posterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane (PO Membrane): A continuation of the ligamentum flavum, it limits excessive flexion.
* Tectorial Membrane: A continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament, it helps stabilize the craniovertebral junction.

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22
Q

List the ligaments and their roles for C1-C2

A

The key stabilizing ligaments include:
* Transverse Ligament of the Atlas: Part of the cruciform ligament, it holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1, preventing anterior translation of C1.
* Alar Ligaments: Attach from the dens to the occipital condyles and limit excessive rotation.
* Tectorial Membrane: A continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament, providing additional stability.

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23
Q

List the ligaments and their roles for C0-C2

A
  • Alar Ligaments: Connect the dens of C2 to the occipital condyles, limiting excessive rotation and lateral flexion.
  • Apical Ligament: Connects the tip of the dens to the occipital bone, providing minor stability.
  • Transverse Ligament (Part of Cruciform Ligament): Restricts excessive anterior displacement of C1 over C2.
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24
Q

How many nerve roots exit from the cervical spine?

A

8

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25
Explain joint coupling
26
Explain upper cervical coupling
27
Explain
28
What are the movements of the vertebra in C3-7?
29
Explain lower cervical coupling
30
Where does the vertebral artery pass?
The vertebral artery passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae from C6 to C1. After exiting the C1 (atlas) transverse foramen, it courses medially and posteriorly across the posterior arch of the atlas within the vertebral groove (sulcus arteriae vertebralis). It then enters the foramen magnum of the skull to join the contralateral vertebral artery, forming the basilar artery in the brainstem. This pathway is clinically significant because compression or occlusion of the vertebral artery (e.g., from cervical osteophytes, trauma, or excessive cervical rotation) can lead to vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), causing dizziness, vertigo, or even stroke-like symptoms.
31
Explain the motion, cervical flexion
32
Explain the motion, cervical extension
33
Explain the motion, cervical rotation
34
Explain the motion, cervical sidebend
35
Which of these motions (flexion, extension, right sidebend, right rotation) is available in C0-1, C1-2, C2-7?
36
How many facets are in the thoracic spine?
37
Label
38
Where does the diaphragm attach? What innervates it?
39
What are some factors that affect the biomechanics of the ribcage?
40
What are the prime movers and accessory muscles of ventilation?
41
What is the diaphragm shaped like?
a parachute (it flattens when flexed)
42
List the main muscles of inspiration and expiration
43
What are these examples of?
Common ares where muscle knots develop
44
What is the movement of the sternum during ventilation?
45
How do the thoracic ribs move during flexion/extension?
46
How does gas exchange happen?
47
What are some common pathologies that affect the rib cage?
48
What is this? How does it affect facet joints and gross movement patterns?
Scoliosis: Defined by side of the convexity Affects contralateral lung volume Effect on facet joints: Scoliosis alters the alignment and loading of the facet joints, leading to asymmetrical stress and degenerative changes over time. On the concave side, the facet joints experience compression, which can lead to increased wear, restricted mobility, and potential joint degeneration. Conversely, the convex side undergoes gapping, which can cause ligamentous strain and instability. This asymmetry disrupts the normal biomechanics of thoracic motion, potentially leading to facet joint irritation, pain, and compensatory adaptations in adjacent spinal regions. Effect in gross movement pattern: Scoliosis affects gross movement patterns by altering spinal mechanics, ribcage mobility, and muscle balance. The curvature creates asymmetrical rotation, where the thoracic spine is rotated toward the convex side, impacting trunk movement efficiency. This rotation leads to restricted thoracic flexion and extension, uneven lateral flexion, and compensatory movements in the lumbar and cervical regions. Over time, these movement dysfunctions can result in impaired posture, reduced functional mobility, and compensatory overuse of muscles, increasing the risk of pain and movement inefficiency in daily activities.
49
What are the bio mechanic effects of COPD?
50
Explain
51
Label
Barrel chest
52
Give examples on how to train your diaphragm?
53
What are the distinguishing features of the lumbar spine?
54
Label
55
What parts of the vertebra are affected during flexion, extension, and lateral flexion?
56
Explain
57
Explain
58
Explain lumbo-pelvic rhythm
59
Explain
60
Explain the ipsi directional and contra directional aspects of lumbo pelvic rhythm
61
Give an example of ipsi directional and contra directional aspects of lumbo pelvic rhythm
62
What is the motion of the pelvis in erect standing?
63
Explain nutation and counter nutation
64
When is lumbo pelvic rhythm seen?
Lumbo-pelvic rhythm is seen after ~70 degrees of trunk fwd. flexion and describes relationship of pelvis and lumbar spine during this movement.
65
What is the coupling motion in T5-T12?
66
What is this?
67
Explain thoracic rotation T5-T12
68
What are the lumbar region coupling theories?
69
Explain lumbar sidebend/lateral flexion
70
Explain lumbar rotation
71
What are the main trunk and core muscles?
72
What is the order of the abdominal muscles from superficial to deep?
73
What are the quadrants?
74
What is the origin/insertion of the transverse abdominis?
75
Label
76
What are the muscle layers of the spine?
77
Label
78
Label
79
What are the pelvic floor muscles?
80
What directions should the core be screened?
81
What separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
82
How is intra-abdominal pressure created?
83
Explain intra-abdominal pressure
84
How dies this relate to rotators?
85
Explain
86
What structure helps control intra-abdominal pressure?
87
Briefly explain bending and coupling forces
88
A patient with right hip osteoarthritis is asking if he can use a cane to ambulate. Which side should they be using their cane? Why?
A patient with right hip osteoarthritis should use a cane on the left (unaffected) side to reduce joint stress, improve balance, and enhance gait efficiency. Using the cane on the opposite side decreases compressive forces on the right hip, reducing pain and load during walking. It also provides external support to the right gluteus medius, minimizing the risk of pelvic drop and reducing muscle strain. Additionally, this placement aligns with the body’s natural gait pattern, improving stability. For optimal use, the cane should move with the left leg, and its height should align with the wrist when standing.
89
Explain hip abductor mechanism (frontal plane stability)
90
During the initial 5-10 degrees of "unlocking" or moving from fully extended to flexed knee position in standing position, the femur moves in which direction? (reverse screw home mechanism)
Laterally and anteriorly
91
The screw home and reverse screw home describe primary motions in which plane of motion?
Transverse
92
In the last 5 degrees of knee extension what type of contraction does the popletius do?
Eccentric contraction

Movement Science 1 (10 decks)

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