Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin MED > Week 6 pediatric Conditions > Flashcards

Week 6 pediatric Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Heart begins to develop at __________ during formation of the _________

A

3 weeks gestation; heart tube from the mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The heart develops into 4 separate chambers

A

atria - week 4
ventricles - week 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heart development is completed

A

8 ~ 10 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heartbeat starts

A

22-23 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Development of chambers and some vascular structures

A

23 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood circulation

A

27 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aorta development

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acyanotic

A

blood contains enough oxygen, but it’s pumped throughout the body abnormally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cyanotic

A

reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acyanotic diseases

A

ASD
PDA
VSD
Coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cyanotic diseases

A

Hypoplastic L heart syndrome
Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Transposition of the great arteries
Tetralogy of Fallot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Arterial Septal Defect (ASD)

A

Foramen ovale is a hole between R and L atria that typically closes shortly after birth
The hole does not close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ASD clinical presentation

A

heart murmur, pulmonary artery enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ASD can cause damage to pulmonary vasculature because

A

pressure is higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ASD treatment

A

surgical closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is most common in all CHD

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A

hole between walls of ventricles at the ventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

VSD can lead to

A

Cardiac infection, CHF, and respiratory infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

VSD clinical presentation

A

restlessness, difficulty eating/feeding, inability to gain weight, tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

VSD treatment

A

may close over time but closure can be surgical after a certain age ~ 6 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atriventricular Septal Defects (AVSD)

A

abnormal development of tricuspid and mitral valves, often with only one valve forming between sides of heart instead of 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AVSD often involves an

A

ASD and VSD - holes between walls of aorta and ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

AVSD clinical presentation

A

symptoms of HF, decreased energy, slow to gain weight, poor feeding, heart murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

AVSD treatment

A

surgical, generally at 4-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

a structure in the fetus that links blood flow between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta

26
Q

Ductus arteriosus typically closes

A

5-14 days after birth

if this doesn’t close, blood may enter lungs

27
Q

PDA is common in infants with

A

ARDS, Down’s syndrome, or marfan syndrome

28
Q

PDA clinical manifestations

A

respiratory distress, inability to gain weight, tachycardia

29
Q

PDA treatment

A

surgical close or medication to increase the lipid that typically facilitates closing the PDA in neonates

30
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta leading to hypertension in the head/UE and low pressures in the LE

31
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta common presentations

A

HF, HTN

32
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta S&S can develop within

A

first week after birth

33
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta treatment

A

surgical (suture or stent)

34
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot four parts

A

VSD
Overriding aorta
R ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis

35
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

Instead of blood from R side -> lungs and L side -> body, blood can cross hole between ventricles and less blood is pumped to lungs

36
Q

Tetralogy of fallot presentation

A

cyanosis, hypoxia

37
Q

Tetralogy of fallot treatment

A

surgical (shunt, complete repair)

38
Q

Transposition of the great arteries

A

Aorta comes from R ventricle and pulmonary artery from L ventricle
Because the arteries are connected to the wrong chambers of the heart, blood either bypasses lungs or bypasses systemic circulation

39
Q

Transposition of the great arteries treatment

A

surgery (create PDA to allow for shunting of blood, move arteries to appropriate source, create tunnel between atria)

40
Q

Transposition of the great arteries clinical presentation

A

impaired contractility, valve dysfunction, arrhythmias

41
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

A

Caused by decreased development of L side of heart: L ventricle, coarctation of the aorta, complete occlusion or stenosis of aortic/mitral valves

42
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome presentation

A

HF symptoms, respiratory issues, cyanosis, tachycardia

43
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome treatment

A

surgery (shunt, revision of aorta or pulmonary artery pathway), eventual heart transplant

44
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

Aorta and pulmonary artery exist as one structure and not as separate structures
causes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix

45
Q

Truncus artery is over the

A

VSD

46
Q

VSD repaired with

A

patch, then pulmonary artery re-routed

47
Q

Tricuspid Atresia

A

tricuspid valve does not form or is occluded/stenosed
leads to decreased blood flow to R ventricle and to lungs for O2 exchange

48
Q

Tricuspid atresia leads to

A

decreased volume/development of the R ventricle over time

49
Q

Tricuspid atresia treatment

A

surgical (create a shunt, or allow blood flow between R atrium and pulmonary artery)

50
Q

Tricuspid atresia may occur with

A

ASD

51
Q

Tricuspid atresia presentation

A

cyanosis, difficulty breathing, fatigue, poor weight gain or feeding

52
Q

Down’s syndrome

A

ASD, VSD, Tetralogy of Fallot, AVSD
May be caused by genetic or developmental factors

53
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

Genetic connective tissue disorder
Risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection

54
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

ASD, VSD, PDA, Tetralogy of Fallot

55
Q

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

A

Cardiomyopathy

56
Q

with median sternotomy

A

may not be able to perform tummy time

57
Q

patients with cyanotic defects may have

A

more restriction with physical activity than same-age peers with acyanotic defects

58
Q

Patients with ASD, VSD, PFO (small or closed); PDA or TGA (post-op) can

A

participate in all sports

59
Q

Pediatric journal indicates

A

60 min mod to vigorous activity daily is generally appropiate

60
Q

Exercise more caution with those patients who have significant

A

ventricular disease or arrhythmia

61
Q

Overarching goal

A

change daily behaviors and day-to-day physical activity

Clin MED (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions