Week 2 Renal, Hepatic, and GI

Question 1

Acute Pancreatitis s&s

Answer 1

General abdominal pain, RUQ pain, increased pain with fatty/heavy meals or alcohol, no difference in pain with change in position, nausea and vomiting; can progress to severe pancreatitis with systemic symptoms such as tachycardia

Question 2

Acute Pancreatitis cause

Answer 2

gallstones, alcohol abuse, medications, autoimmune dysfunction, infection

Question 3

Chronic pancreatitis causes

Answer 3

alcohol abuse (50%), severe acute pancreatitis, autoimmune, genetics, duct obstruction

Question 4

Chronic Pancreatitis s&s

Answer 4

Abdominal pain, weight loss, decreased appetite, back pain, nausea/vomiting, DM, diarrhea

Question 5

Chronic kidney disease causes

Answer 5

DM & HTN

Question 6

Hemodialysis

Answer 6

typically 3x/wk for ~4 hours; artery  HD machine for filtration  vein

Question 7

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 7

completed daily or at night; patient can perform independently

Question 8

UTI patho

Answer 8

bacteial colonization and spreads through urinary tract

Question 9

Pyelonephrities s&s

Answer 9

murphy sign, dysuria, fever, chills, malaise

Question 10

pyelonephritis patho

Answer 10

bacteria ascending from bladder into kidneys

Question 11

Kidney stones causes

Answer 11

gallstones, alcohol abuse, medications

Question 12

Kidney stones s&s

Answer 12

flank pain, groin pain, hematuria, UTI symptoms

Question 13

S&S of liver disease

Answer 13

Skin changes – spider angiomas, palmar erythema, increased bruising, jaundice
Neurologic symptoms – insomnia, tremor, confusion, hyperreflexia, asterixis, numbness/tingling
Musculoskeletal pain referral – midscapular/thoracic pain, R shoulder, R subscapular region + intercostals due to connections to nerve plexus in dorsal spine
Portal hypertension
Ascites
Hepatic encephalopathy
Dark urine
Light/clay-colored stools
GI distress
RUQ pain

Question 14

Cholecystitis patho

Answer 14

distention of ducts as the gallstones construct bile movement

Question 15

Cholecystitis s7S

Answer 15

Midback/scap pain, R shoulder or RUQ pain, GI distress

Question 16

Cholethiasis

Answer 16

formation of gallstones made of cholesterol or bilirubin salts

Question 17

Cholelithiasis s&s

Answer 17

RUQ tenderness, heartburn, epigastric discomfort, R shoulder pain, nausea/vomiting

Question 18

GERD

Answer 18

gastric reflux

Question 19

GERD causes

Answer 19

impairment in LES function, hiatal hernia

Question 20

GERD s&s

Answer 20

heartburn, indigestion, dysphagia, epigastric pain

Question 21

Peptic Ulcer Disease s&s

Answer 21

Nausea/vomiting, feelings of fullness, abdominal pain (especially 2-3 hrs after a meal), melena

Question 22

Small Bowel Obstruction s&s

Answer 22

Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, distended abdomen, constipation

Question 23

Ischemic Bowel disease s&s

Answer 23

Abdominal pain, GI sxs such as nausea, abdomen tender to palpation

Question 24

Diverticulitis s&s

Answer 24

LLQ pain, nausea, vomiting, tenderness to palpation

Question 25

What is the main difference btw crohns and UC

Answer 25

crohns can happen anywhere in GI tract and UC is limited to large intestines

Question 26

Liver function

Answer 26

Processes nutrients and wastes
secretes bile to help break down fats and vitamins

Question 27

Pancreas function

Answer 27

Makes insulin, which is involved in regulation of blood glucose
secretes enzymes involved in catabolism of nutrients