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Clin MED > Week 10 Cardiac Systems involvement > Flashcards

Week 10 Cardiac Systems involvement Flashcards

1
Q

Pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardial sac

can be acute, subacute, chronic, or recurrent

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2
Q

Pericarditis common symptoms

A

sharp chest pain, often constant in nature

may also present with fever and fatigue

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3
Q

Does pericarditis increase with physical activity?

A

it may or may not

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4
Q

Pericarditis occurs after

A

MI, with lupus, or after heart sx

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5
Q

Pericarditis can result in

A

Pericardial effusion, which can affect diastolic dysfunction

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6
Q

Pericarditis is painful due to

A

vast innervation of pericardium

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7
Q

Pericarditis pain differentiation

A

often centralized, worse with deep inspirate, improved by sitting upright or leaning forward

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8
Q

Pericarditis assessment

A

EKG, echocardiogram, chest x-ray, CBC, MRI, or CT

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9
Q

Pericarditis treatment

A

pericardiocentesis, lessening activity level until resolved

Most make a full recovery

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10
Q

Pericarditis viral

A

Influenza, Epstein-Barr Virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, HIV

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11
Q

Pericarditis Bacterial

A

strep/staph bacteria, TB

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12
Q

Pericarditis non-infectious

A

malignancy, lupus, RA, trauma, certain medications (cancer drugs)

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13
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium
Either direct damage to the myocardium or due to cellular processes associated with inflammation
Causes cell death of myocardium

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14
Q

Myocarditis causes

A

Virus, autoimmune diseases, toxins, generalized infections

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15
Q

Myocarditis common presentation

A

Chest pain, HR symptoms, arrhythmia, fatigue, malaise, cardiac arrest
May present with 1-2 weeks flu-like symptoms

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16
Q

Myocarditis Diagnosis

A

Echocardiogram, EKG, labs (elevated troponin), MRI, biopsy

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17
Q

Myocarditis Treatment

A

Management of HF and arrhythmia, O2, fluid balance, use of mechanical circulatory support

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18
Q

Myocarditis recovery make take

A

up to several months, but some patients eventually need heart transplant

19
Q

Endocarditis

A

Bacterial infection of inner lining of heart
Often involves valves

20
Q

Endocarditis causes

A

staph, strep, enterococcal bacteria

Healthcare-acquired, indwelling vascular devices, IV drug use, dental health/hygiene, rheumatic heart disease, IV drug use

21
Q

Endocarditis common presentation

A

fever, sepsis, fatigue, weakness

22
Q

Endocarditis

A

TEE, EKG

23
Q

Endocarditis treatment

A

antibiotics; management of underlying cardiac involvement

24
Q

Lung cancer

A

CV disease in 23 %

25
Q

Breast cancer

A

cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, overlapping risk factors with CAD

26
Q

Kidney Cancer

A

HTN up to 40%

27
Q

Leukemia

A

Up to 9% may develop HF

28
Q

Lymphoma

A

cardiac metastases in 25%

29
Q

Melanoma

A

can metastasize to heart, causing arrhythmia, HF, or pericardial effusion

30
Q

70& of pt with NSCLC have comorbidity

A

CVD most common; worsening CV reserve

31
Q

Cardiotoxicity

A

damage to heart structures

32
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Acute myocarditis, ischemia, arrhythmias, HF
Hypo or hypertension

33
Q

Radiation therapy

A

Pericarditis/pericardial effusion
Valve disease
Myocardial dysfunction/disease
Arrhythmias

34
Q

stem cell/bone marrow transplant

A

Arrhythmias
Cardiomyopathy

35
Q

Covid-19

A

increase Risk of DVT/PE
increase Risk of myocarditis
increase Risk of arrhythmia
increase Risk of pericarditis
Increase Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and HF
Decrease activity tolerance
Increase Need for supplemental O2

36
Q

Sepsis

A

Acute, inappropriate immune response; systemic inflammatory response syndrome

37
Q

Sepsis causes

A

infection (bacterial or viral)

38
Q

Sepsis cardiac involvement

A

ischemia, impaired blood flow

39
Q

Sepsis causes

A

infection (bacterial or viral)

40
Q

Sepsis cardiac involvement

A

ischemia, impair blood flow

41
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Fluid accumulating in pericardial sac -> cardiac compression -> cardiogenic shock

42
Q

Cardiac Tamponade causes

A

hemorrhage, wound, trauma, MI

43
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Decreased cardiac output, poor circulation, organ/tissue hypoperfusion

44
Q

Pericardial effusion

A

Build up of fluid in pericardial space
Can be infectious or malignant in nature
Treated with pericardiocentesis

Clin MED (10 decks)

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