Week 10 Cardiac Systems involvement

Question 1

Pericarditis

Answer 1

inflammation of the pericardial sac

can be acute, subacute, chronic, or recurrent

Question 2

Pericarditis common symptoms

Answer 2

sharp chest pain, often constant in nature

may also present with fever and fatigue

Question 3

Does pericarditis increase with physical activity?

Answer 3

it may or may not

Question 4

Pericarditis occurs after

Answer 4

MI, with lupus, or after heart sx

Question 5

Pericarditis can result in

Answer 5

Pericardial effusion, which can affect diastolic dysfunction

Question 6

Pericarditis is painful due to

Answer 6

vast innervation of pericardium

Question 7

Pericarditis pain differentiation

Answer 7

often centralized, worse with deep inspirate, improved by sitting upright or leaning forward

Question 8

Pericarditis assessment

Answer 8

EKG, echocardiogram, chest x-ray, CBC, MRI, or CT

Question 9

Pericarditis treatment

Answer 9

pericardiocentesis, lessening activity level until resolved

Most make a full recovery

Question 10

Pericarditis viral

Answer 10

Influenza, Epstein-Barr Virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, HIV

Question 11

Pericarditis Bacterial

Answer 11

strep/staph bacteria, TB

Question 12

Pericarditis non-infectious

Answer 12

malignancy, lupus, RA, trauma, certain medications (cancer drugs)

Question 13

Myocarditis

Answer 13

Inflammation of the myocardium
Either direct damage to the myocardium or due to cellular processes associated with inflammation
Causes cell death of myocardium

Question 14

Myocarditis causes

Answer 14

Virus, autoimmune diseases, toxins, generalized infections

Question 15

Myocarditis common presentation

Answer 15

Chest pain, HR symptoms, arrhythmia, fatigue, malaise, cardiac arrest
May present with 1-2 weeks flu-like symptoms

Question 16

Myocarditis Diagnosis

Answer 16

Echocardiogram, EKG, labs (elevated troponin), MRI, biopsy

Question 17

Myocarditis Treatment

Answer 17

Management of HF and arrhythmia, O2, fluid balance, use of mechanical circulatory support

Question 18

Myocarditis recovery make take

Answer 18

up to several months, but some patients eventually need heart transplant

Question 19

Endocarditis

Answer 19

Bacterial infection of inner lining of heart
Often involves valves

Question 20

Endocarditis causes

Answer 20

staph, strep, enterococcal bacteria

Healthcare-acquired, indwelling vascular devices, IV drug use, dental health/hygiene, rheumatic heart disease, IV drug use

Question 21

Endocarditis common presentation

Answer 21

fever, sepsis, fatigue, weakness

Question 22

Endocarditis

Answer 22

TEE, EKG

Question 23

Endocarditis treatment

Answer 23

antibiotics; management of underlying cardiac involvement

Question 24

Lung cancer

Answer 24

CV disease in 23 %

Question 25

Breast cancer

Answer 25

cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, overlapping risk factors with CAD

Question 26

Kidney Cancer

Answer 26

HTN up to 40%

Question 27

Leukemia

Answer 27

Up to 9% may develop HF

Question 28

Lymphoma

Answer 28

cardiac metastases in 25%

Question 29

Melanoma

Answer 29

can metastasize to heart, causing arrhythmia, HF, or pericardial effusion

Question 30

70& of pt with NSCLC have comorbidity

Answer 30

CVD most common; worsening CV reserve

Question 31

Cardiotoxicity

Answer 31

damage to heart structures

Question 32

Chemotherapy

Answer 32

Acute myocarditis, ischemia, arrhythmias, HF Hypo or hypertension

Question 33

Radiation therapy

Answer 33

Pericarditis/pericardial effusion Valve disease Myocardial dysfunction/disease Arrhythmias

Question 34

stem cell/bone marrow transplant

Answer 34

Arrhythmias Cardiomyopathy

Question 35

Covid-19

Answer 35

increase Risk of DVT/PE increase Risk of myocarditis increase Risk of arrhythmia increase Risk of pericarditis Increase Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and HF Decrease activity tolerance Increase Need for supplemental O2

Question 36

Sepsis

Answer 36

Acute, inappropriate immune response; systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Question 37

Sepsis causes

Answer 37

infection (bacterial or viral)

Question 38

Sepsis cardiac involvement

Answer 38

ischemia, impaired blood flow

Question 39

Sepsis causes

Answer 39

infection (bacterial or viral)

Question 40

Sepsis cardiac involvement

Answer 40

ischemia, impair blood flow

Question 41

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 41

Fluid accumulating in pericardial sac -> cardiac compression -> cardiogenic shock

Question 42

Cardiac Tamponade causes

Answer 42

hemorrhage, wound, trauma, MI

Question 43

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 43

Decreased cardiac output, poor circulation, organ/tissue hypoperfusion

Question 44

Pericardial effusion

Answer 44

Build up of fluid in pericardial space Can be infectious or malignant in nature Treated with pericardiocentesis