Week 1 Metabolic & Endocrine Disease

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Composed of glands that synthesize and release hormones and act on specific organs

Question 2

What is the endocrine system interface with?

Answer 2

The nervous system to maintain homeostasis

Question 3

What are the major organs and glands included with the endocrine system?

Answer 3

thyroid gland,parathyroid gland,adrenal glands, pituitary gland,pineal gland, thetestes(male) and ovaries(female), hypothalamus,thymus, and pancreas

Question 4

Thyroid Gland

Answer 4

Helps regulate metabolism

Question 5

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 5

Regulates calcium and phosphate levels involved in maintaining bone density

Question 6

Adrenal Gland

Answer 6

Produces sex hormones, regulates water balance, secretes cortisol in response to stress

Question 7

Pituitary Gland

Answer 7

Involved in growth and development; secretes hormones that act on other glands in endocrine system

Question 8

Pineal Gland

Answer 8

regulates circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles

Question 9

Testes (male) and ovaries (female)

Answer 9

regulation of reproductive systems

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

releases hormones that act on pituitary gland

Question 11

Thymus

Answer 11

involved in immune response (T-cells)

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

Regulates blood glucose and metabolism through secretion of glucagon and insulin

Question 13

Major functions of endocrine system (Hint: there is 7 functions)

Answer 13

Maintain homeostasis
Regulate reproductive systems
Stimulate growth/development during certain parts of the lifespan
Control metabolism
Regulate blood glucose
Regulate mood
Regulate blood pressure

Question 14

The hypothalamus is linked to the pituitary gland via nervous system pathways

Answer 14

Releases either stimulating or inhibiting hormones
These hormones act on the pituitary gland, which is located just inferior to the hypothalamus

Question 15

Regulated by negative feedback loop

Answer 15

When hormones reach a certain level, signals are sent to the brain to decrease production of that hormone

Question 16

What are the hormones in the anterior lobe of the Pituitary gland? (Hint: there is 6)

Answer 16

Growth hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 17

Growth hormone target organ/tissue

Answer 17

muscle, bone, organ tissue

Question 18

Growth hormone action

Answer 18

Cell growth and proliferation

Question 19

TSH target organ/tissue

Answer 19

Thyroid

Question 20

TSH action

Answer 20

secretion of T3/T4

Question 21

Luteinizing hormone target organ/tissue

Answer 21

Follicles

Question 22

Luteinizing action

Answer 22

Ovulation, testosterone/progesterone secretion

Question 23

Prolactin target organ/tissue

Answer 23

breast, corpus luteum

Question 24

Prolactin action

Answer 24

progesterone secretion, milk production

Question 25

FSH target organ/tissue

Answer 25

Ovaries

Question 26

FSH action

Answer 26

estrogen secretion, spermatogenesis, follicle development

Question 27

ACTH target organ/tissue

Answer 27

adrenal cortex

Question 28

ACTH action

Answer 28

increases corticosteroid production

Question 29

What are the hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? (Hint: there is 2)

Answer 29

Antidiuretic hormone oxytocin

Question 30

Antidiuretic hormone target organ/tissue

Answer 30

kidney tubules

Question 31

Antidiuretic hormone action

Answer 31

increases release of ATCH, vasoconstriction, water resorption

Question 32

Oxytocin target organ/tissue

Answer 32

Uterus

Question 33

Oxytocin action

Answer 33

muscle contraction, breast milk production, circadian rhythm

Question 34

What are the hormones of the thyroid gland? (Hint: there is 3)

Answer 34

T3 - thyroxine T4 Calcitonin

Question 35

T3 target organ/tissue

Answer 35

general

Question 36

T3 action

Answer 36

metabolism, fat and protein, water and electrolyte balance, gluconeogenesis

Question 37

T4 target organ/tissue

Answer 37

general

Question 38

T4 action

Answer 38

metabolism, fat, and protein synthesis, water and electrolyte balance, gluconeogenesis

Question 39

Calcitonin target organ/tissue

Answer 39

skeletal bone

Question 40

Calcitonin action

Answer 40

bone construction and resorption, serum calcium/phosphorus levels

Question 41

What is the hormones of the pineal gland? (Hint: there is 1)

Answer 41

Melatonin

Question 42

Melatonin target organ/tissue

Answer 42

melanocytes

Question 43

Melatonin action

Answer 43

Circadian rhythm, sleep-wake cycle

Question 44

What is the hormones of the parathyroid gland? (Hint: there is 1)

Answer 44

Parathyroid hormone

Question 45

Parathyroid hormone target organ/tissue

Answer 45

GI system, kidneys, bone

Question 46

Parathyroid hormone action

Answer 46

Bone calcification, Ca/Phosp metabolism

Question 47

What are the hormones of the adrenal gland? (Hint: there is 7)

Answer 47

Aldosterone Cortisol Epinephrine Norepinephrine Pancreas Ovaries Testes

Question 48

Aldosterone target organ/tissue

Answer 48

kidneys

Question 49

Aldosterone action

Answer 49

electrolytes, fluid balance, potassium secretion

Question 50

Cortisol target organ/tissue

Answer 50

general

Question 51

Cortisol action

Answer 51

stress response, decreases immune function, gluconeogenesis, metabolism of food

Question 52

Epinephrine target organ/tissue

Answer 52

general

Question 53

Epinephrine action

Answer 53

sympathetic response, cardiac function. vasoconstriction, increase blood glucose and ACTH

Question 54

Norepinephrine target organ/tissue

Answer 54

general

Question 55

Norepinephrine action

Answer 55

Vasoconstriction

Question 56

Pancreas

Answer 56

Insulin & Glucagon

Question 57

Ovaries

Answer 57

Estrogen, progesterone

Question 58

Testes

Answer 58

testosterone