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Clin MED > Week 1 Metabolic & Endocrine Disease > Flashcards

Week 1 Metabolic & Endocrine Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Composed of glands that synthesize and release hormones and act on specific organs

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2
Q

What is the endocrine system interface with?

A

The nervous system to maintain homeostasis

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3
Q

What are the major organs and glands included with the endocrine system?

A

thyroid gland,parathyroid gland,adrenal glands, pituitary gland,pineal gland, thetestes(male) and ovaries(female), hypothalamus,thymus, and pancreas

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4
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Helps regulate metabolism

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5
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

Regulates calcium and phosphate levels involved in maintaining bone density

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6
Q

Adrenal Gland

A

Produces sex hormones, regulates water balance, secretes cortisol in response to stress

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7
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Involved in growth and development; secretes hormones that act on other glands in endocrine system

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8
Q

Pineal Gland

A

regulates circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles

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9
Q

Testes (male) and ovaries (female)

A

regulation of reproductive systems

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

releases hormones that act on pituitary gland

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11
Q

Thymus

A

involved in immune response (T-cells)

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12
Q

Pancreas

A

Regulates blood glucose and metabolism through secretion of glucagon and insulin

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13
Q

Major functions of endocrine system (Hint: there is 7 functions)

A

Maintain homeostasis
Regulate reproductive systems
Stimulate growth/development during certain parts of the lifespan
Control metabolism
Regulate blood glucose
Regulate mood
Regulate blood pressure

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14
Q

The hypothalamus is linked to the pituitary gland via nervous system pathways

A

Releases either stimulating or inhibiting hormones
These hormones act on the pituitary gland, which is located just inferior to the hypothalamus

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15
Q

Regulated by negative feedback loop

A

When hormones reach a certain level, signals are sent to the brain to decrease production of that hormone

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16
Q

What are the hormones in the anterior lobe of the Pituitary gland? (Hint: there is 6)

A

Growth hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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17
Q

Growth hormone target organ/tissue

A

muscle, bone, organ tissue

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18
Q

Growth hormone action

A

Cell growth and proliferation

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19
Q

TSH target organ/tissue

A

Thyroid

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20
Q

TSH action

A

secretion of T3/T4

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21
Q

Luteinizing hormone target organ/tissue

A

Follicles

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22
Q

Luteinizing action

A

Ovulation, testosterone/progesterone secretion

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23
Q

Prolactin target organ/tissue

A

breast, corpus luteum

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24
Q

Prolactin action

A

progesterone secretion, milk production

25
Q

FSH target organ/tissue

A

Ovaries

26
Q

FSH action

A

estrogen secretion, spermatogenesis, follicle development

27
Q

ACTH target organ/tissue

A

adrenal cortex

28
Q

ACTH action

A

increases corticosteroid production

29
Q

What are the hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? (Hint: there is 2)

A

Antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin

30
Q

Antidiuretic hormone target organ/tissue

A

kidney tubules

31
Q

Antidiuretic hormone action

A

increases release of ATCH, vasoconstriction, water resorption

32
Q

Oxytocin target organ/tissue

A

Uterus

33
Q

Oxytocin action

A

muscle contraction, breast milk production, circadian rhythm

34
Q

What are the hormones of the thyroid gland? (Hint: there is 3)

A

T3 - thyroxine
T4
Calcitonin

35
Q

T3 target organ/tissue

A

general

36
Q

T3 action

A

metabolism, fat and protein, water and electrolyte balance, gluconeogenesis

37
Q

T4 target organ/tissue

A

general

38
Q

T4 action

A

metabolism, fat, and protein synthesis, water and electrolyte balance, gluconeogenesis

39
Q

Calcitonin target organ/tissue

A

skeletal bone

40
Q

Calcitonin action

A

bone construction and resorption, serum calcium/phosphorus levels

41
Q

What is the hormones of the pineal gland? (Hint: there is 1)

A

Melatonin

42
Q

Melatonin target organ/tissue

A

melanocytes

43
Q

Melatonin action

A

Circadian rhythm, sleep-wake cycle

44
Q

What is the hormones of the parathyroid gland? (Hint: there is 1)

A

Parathyroid hormone

45
Q

Parathyroid hormone target organ/tissue

A

GI system, kidneys, bone

46
Q

Parathyroid hormone action

A

Bone calcification, Ca/Phosp metabolism

47
Q

What are the hormones of the adrenal gland? (Hint: there is 7)

A

Aldosterone
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

48
Q

Aldosterone target organ/tissue

A

kidneys

49
Q

Aldosterone action

A

electrolytes, fluid balance, potassium secretion

50
Q

Cortisol target organ/tissue

A

general

51
Q

Cortisol action

A

stress response, decreases immune function, gluconeogenesis, metabolism of food

52
Q

Epinephrine target organ/tissue

A

general

53
Q

Epinephrine action

A

sympathetic response, cardiac function. vasoconstriction, increase blood glucose and ACTH

54
Q

Norepinephrine target organ/tissue

A

general

55
Q

Norepinephrine action

A

Vasoconstriction

56
Q

Pancreas

A

Insulin & Glucagon

57
Q

Ovaries

A

Estrogen, progesterone

58
Q

Testes

A

testosterone

Clin MED (10 decks)

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