Week 6 - One health

Question 1

What is one health?

Answer 1

One health is an transdisciplinary, integrative effort of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally and globally to attain the optimal health of animals, humans and the environment.

Question 2

What is the aim of one health?

Answer 2

1. Enhance integration, cooperation and collaboration between these disciplines (human, animal and the environment)
2. Expand scientific knowledge
3. Accelerate biomedical research discoveries
4. Improve medical educations and clinical care
5. Enhance public health efficacy and efficiency
6. improve health outcomes

Question 3

Why is one health important?

Answer 3

EID (emerging infectious diseases) are increasing
spreading zoonoses are spreading between animals and humans due to global trends such as Globalization, digitization, climate change, sustainability and demographic change.

Question 4

Why are zoonoses increasing?

Answer 4

Human populations are increasing
Climate change is impacting the environment
international trade and travel has increased
More closer relationships with wild and domestic animals
Disrupted environmental conditions and habits
Easier for disease to spread further

Question 5

What is Zoonotic diseases?

Answer 5

Diseases that can be passed between animals and humans (bacteria, viruses, fungi and other agents)

Question 6

What are transmission routes of zoonotic diseases, and give an example?

Answer 6

1. Aerosol: Covid, influenza, q fever, anthrax
2. Oral (ingesting): Toxoplasmosis, listeria
3. Direct contact: Rabies, Q fever, Hendra, anthrax
4. Fomite: salmonella
   Vector: Japanese Encephalitis, Ross River Virus, Cat flea typhus

Question 7

What is a better method in which we can handle outbreak detection?

Answer 7

Early response, attempted to the reduce the number of humans affected. Having early warning systems to allow intervention to control animal and human impacts

1. Mitigate
2. Alert
3. Control
4. Learne

Question 8

Rabies is considered as a zoonotic disease, that is passed from animals to humans. More specifically, the domestic dog. What was one health’s approach in controlling this disease?

Answer 8

Vaccinations to prevent humans from contracting this virus

Question 9

What are some one e healths strategies to approaching AMR?

Answer 9

Antimicrobial resistance

1. Judicious use of antibiotics in animals
2. Preventing infections and spread of resistance
3. Tracking of infections due to resistant pathogens
4. improving antibiotic prescription/ stewardship in people and animals
5. Developing new drugs and diagnostic tests