Week 5: Methods of practice

Question 1

Who and what did Dorothea Orem do?

Answer 1

She was a theorist, a nurse that developed the Self-care theory and Self-Care Deficit theory, as a result to improve the quality of nursing in general hospitals in her state

Question 2

What is Orem’s General theory of nursing

Answer 2

1. theory of self-care
2. theory of self-care deficit
3. Theory of nursing system

Question 3

What is the theory of self-care

Answer 3

self-care: is the practice of activities an individual initiates and performs on their own behalf in maintaining health, life and wellbeing.

Self-care agency: is the ability for engaging in self-care- conditioned by age, gender, development state, life experience, health

Therapeutic self-care demand: actions performed for some duration to meet self-care requisites by using valid methods and actions

Question 4

What are self-care requisites?

Answer 4

actions directed towards provision of self-care
1. universal self-care requisites

associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of structure and functioning e.g. activities of daily living

2. developmental self/requisites

more specific to the processes of growth and development

3. Health deviation self-care requisites

changes to structure and function, out the range of normal, may be associated with genetic variations or other defects

Question 5

What is the theory of self-care deficit? and what are the 5 methods of helping pets, that were identified by Orem?

Answer 5

describes how pets and people can be helped through nursing. Nursing is required when the pet owner is incapable or limited in the provision of continuous effective self-care

1. acting for and doing for others
2. guiding others
3. supporting another
4. Providing an environment promoting personal development in relation to meeting future demands
5. teaching another

Question 6

What are working operations of technicians in regards to the self-care deficit?

Answer 6

1. entering into and maintaing technican-patient relationships with animal, families, and other groups
2. Managing nursing
3. Responding to needs, desires
4. Coordinating the care with other services
5. discharging patients
6. coordinating nursing care

Question 7

What is the theory of nursing systems according to Orem?

Answer 7

DEscribes how patients self care need will be met by the nurse, the patient or both

to meet the self-care requisites of the patient is threefold;

1. Wholly compensatory system - represented by the situation, the individual is unable to care for themselves through self-care actions either through inability to be self-directed or medical prescription e.g. ventilated patient, aware but not engaged from vertebral damage, mental impaired such as senile, brain pathology)
2. partly compensatory system - patient can meet some of the self-care requisites but needs a technician to help meet other needs. e.g. a patient post-abdominal surgery, post-amputation surgery, diagnosed with diabetes.
3. Supportive - educative system- when th eowner can meet self-care requisites but needs assistance with decision making, behaviour control or knowledge
   e. g. animal with degenerative kidney disease needing additional dietary information from the tech.

Question 8

What are the strengths and limitations of Orem Theory’s?

Answer 8

Strength

• comprehensive base to nursing practice
• has utility for professional nursing in the areas of nursing practice, curricula, education, administration and research
• specifies when nursing is needed
• the self-care approach is contemporary with the concepts of health promotion and health maintenance
• expanded focus of individual self-care to include families and SELF

Limitations
- illnesses orientated with no indication of its used i wellness settings