Week 6 Lecture Material Flashcards
what are the boundaries of the gluteal region
superior: crest of ilium
median: sacrum and coccyx
inferior: sacrotuberous ligament and ischial tuberosity.
laterally: greater trochanter
the top of the iliac crest is at about which vertebral level
L3-L4.
what are some things that attach to the ASIS
the sartorius, internal oblique, transverse abdonimus and ilioinguinal ligament
what comes out of the greater sciatic foramen
the superior and inferior gluteal arteries
cutaneous innervation?
superior cluneals from dorsal rami L1-3 middle cluneals from dorsal rami S1-3 inferior cluneals from posterior femoral cutaneous nerve braches subcostal (T12), iliohypogastric and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
T12-L1 are the ____
Cluneals are the ___
hips, butt
muscles of the butt region are primarily involved with
abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh.
what innervates the butt muscles
inferior and superior gluteal nerves
what are the inferior and superior gluteal nerves branches off of
the lumbosacral plexus
what are some rotators
quadratus femoris and obturator internus.
sacrotuberous ligament
from the PIIS, sacrum, coccyx to the ischial tuberosity
sacrospinous ligament
from sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine.
which ligament is more anterior? the sacrospinous of tuberous
sacrospinous
the sacrospinous ligament and the sacrotuberous ligament transform the what into foramina
the greater and lesser sciatic notches.
Gluteus maximus
O: ilium posterior to gluteal line, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity and ITB
N: inferior gluteal nerve
A: extends hip run/climb and sit to stand, and laterally rotates.
Piriformis
O: pelvic surface of sacrum
I: grater trochanter
N: nerve to piriformis
A: lat rotation and extension.
from superficial to deep, how do the butt muscles go
maximus, medius, minimus.
where does the inferior gluteal nerve go
through the greater sciatic notch under the piriformis.
Gluteus medius
O: ilium (between iliac crest and sup. gluteal line)
I: greater trochanter
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: abducts and medially rotates hip
Obturator internus
O: obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter
N: nerve to obturator internus
A: laterally rotates and extends thigh.
obturator internus is sandwiched underneath what
the gemellus muscles
Superior Gemellus
O: ischial spine
I: greater trochanter
N: nerve to obturator internus
A: lat rotate and extend thigh
Inferior Gemellus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: greater trochanter
N: nerve to quadratus femoris
A: laterally rotate and extend thigh
Quadratus femoris
O: ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest
N: nerve to quadratus femoris
A: laterally rotate and extend thigh.
Gluteus minimus
O: ilium between superior and inferior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: abduct and medially rotate
Obturator Externus
O: obturator membrane
I: trochenteric fossa
N: obturator nerve
A: adduct and laterally rotate thigh
Tensor Fascia Lata
O: iliac crest
I: ITB
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: abducts and flexes thigh
How does the ITB and fascia lata interact
the FL in sandwiched between the layers of the ITB
what bone does the ITB attach
the tibia
Superior gluteal nerve and vessels pass through the ____ just ___ to the piriformis
greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis
what do the superior gluteal vessels provide to
the superficial gluteal Maximus. also pass between the glut med and min to reach the TFL
inferior gluteal nerve and vessels exit the ___ just __ to the piriformis. innervate what
grater sciatic foramen just inferiorly. innervate the deep surface of the gluteal Maximus
Where does the sciatic nerve pass though. inferior or superior to piriformis?
the greater sciatic foramen and inferior to piriformis
what muscles does the sciatic nerve run posterior to
the obturator interns, gemelli and quadrates femoris
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve. how does it run, where does it supply cutaneous info to and what does it give off
runs medial to sciatic nerve
supplies cutaneous of posterior thigh
gives off inferior cluneals which is the bottom of the butt.
in what percent of people does the sciatic nerve pass under the piriformis
87.3%
which of the two nerves in the sciatic nerve may pass either in or above the piriformis? by what percents?
the common peroneal (12.2 through, and 0.5% above).
what nerve runs in through the greater sciatic foramen and out of the lesser sciatic foramen
pudendal nerve
what muscles does the obturator internus nerve supply
the obturator internus and the superior gemelli.
the nerve to the quadratus femoris also supplies what
the inferior gemelli.
cluneals means….
BUTT
the superior gluteal artery and vein give rise to what? where are they?
the superficial branch of the superior gluteal branch and the deep gluteal branch. Superficial goes to gluteal max (superficial). the deep goes between the medius and minimus
the medial femoral circumflex anastomoses with the ___
inferior gluteal artery and vein
the circumflex arteries wrap around…
the head and neck of femur
what are the superficial gluteal muscles
the glut max, med and min.
deep gluteal muscles
piriformis, gemelli, obturator internus and externes.quadratus femoris.
TFL is superficial or deep?
superficial
what does the TFL do
Abducts
what nerves innervate the skin of the posterior thigh and popliteal fossa
the posterior femoral cutaneous (S1-3) ventral primary rami.
Biceps femoris Long Head and Short head
O: ischial tuberosity (long) linea aspera (short)
I: head of fibula and tibia
N: tibial portion sciatic (long) and common peroneal of sciatic for short head
A: extend thigh and flex knee.
the bicep femoris is supplied by what nerve
the sciatic. Long head = tibial short head = common peroneal
the semitendinosis is more like a tendon ___ and the semimembranosis if more like a tendon ___
distally
proximally.
which head of the biceps femoris is more superficial
the long head
Semitendinosis
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medical surface of tibia (inf. to condyle)
N: tibial portion sciatic
A: extend thigh, flex leg and medially rotate knee
Semimembranosis
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of the tibia
N: Tibial portion sciatic
A: extend thigh, flex knee, medially rotate knee.
When looking at a cross sectional area of the leg, the sciatic nerve has two branches. The bigger one is the __ portion
tibial portion. the other one is the common peroneal.
the femur is rounded anteriorly and pointed posteriorly. why?
linea aspera
the profound femoris is kinda smashed between the
adductor longus, brevis and the vastus medialis.
popliteal fossa boundaries
superior lateral: biceps femoris
superior medial: semitendinosis and membranosis
inferior lateral: lateral head gastroc
inferior medial: medial head gastroc
the medial head of the gastroc goes __- than the lateral
higher
the common peroneal nerve is on the medial of lateral side of the tibia portion of the sciatic
lateral
whats the roof of the popliteal fossa
fascia lata, branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the lesser saphenous.
what is the floor of the popliteal fossa
politeal surface of femur. capsule of the knee joint, and oblique popliteal ligament
what is housed in the popliteal fossa
- the tibial nerve (dead center),
- common peroneal nerve (lateral side),
- political vessels and
- origins of the sural nerve (cutaneous nerve to the posterior leg and lateral aspect of the dorsal side of foot)
popliteal artery
continuation of the femoral artery after is passes the adductor hiatus in the adductor Magnus.
what does the popliteal artery divide into
the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery
what does the anterior tibial artery supply
the anterior compartment of leg (DF and toe extensors)
what does the posterior tibial artery supply
posterior compartment of the leg, gives rise to the peroneal artery (post and lateral parts of leg)
the posterior tibial artery divides into the
tibial (medial) and peroneal (lateral) arteries
profunda femoris is on what muscle
the adductor magnus
genicular refers to the…
knee
under the adductor hiatus, the adductor magnus is called the ___ portion
hamstring.
Genicular anastomoses are the branches of what artery
the popliteal
what do genicular arteries supply
the knee capsule, patella and surrounding bone
what nerves go through the popliteal fossa
the sciatic nerve
at the beginning of the popliteal fossa what happens to the sciatic nerve
branches into the tibial and common peroneal (lateral) nerves
what muscles do the tibial nerve supply
the semimembranosis, semitendinosis and biceps femoris long head
what muscle does the common peroneal nerve supply
short head biceps femoris
what is the most superficial component of the popliteal fossa
the tibial nerve
tibial nerve branches to form __ nerves that supply the knee
genicular.
the tibial nerve gives off the ___ nerve to help form the ___ nerve
medial sural cutaneous nerve to form the sural nerve.
the peroneal (___) nerve leaves the popliteal fossa superficially to the ___ head of the ___
fibular. lateral head of the gastroc.
as the peroneal nerve passes over the head of the fibula, what does it branch into
the superficial peroneal nerves and the deep peroneal nerved
what do the superficial peroneal nerves supply
the lateral compartment of the leg (EVERTERS)
what does the inferior peroneal nerves supply
the anterior compartment (DF and toe extension)
what nerves provide genicular branches to the knee
common peroneal nerve
