Posterior Spine Muscles

Question 1

What are the superficial muscles of the back

Answer 1

the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

Question 2

Intermediate muscles of the back

Answer 2

serrates posterior superior and serrates posteror inferior

Question 3

deep muscles of the back

Answer 3

1. Superficial layer (splenius capitis, splenius carvicis)
2. intermediate layer (erector spinae: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
3. Deep layer (intrinsic muscles: semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)

Question 4

Trapezius

Answer 4

O: external occipital protuberance, ligamentum niche, spinous processes of C7-T12
I: posterior border of lateral third of clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
N: spinal root of the accessory nerve CN XI
A: elevation from the upper fibers, retraction from the middl fibers and depression from the lower fibers

Question 5

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 5

O: spinous process of the vertebrate T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 to 4 ribs and inferior angle of the scapula.
I: medial lip of inter-tubercular groove of the humerus (anterior to terms major)
N: thoracodorsal nerve
A: extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus, elevates the body when climbing

Question 6

Levator Scapulae

Answer 6

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 to C4 vertebrate
I: superior part of the medial border of the scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
A: elevates scapula, rotates head to the same side

Question 7

Rhomboid major

Answer 7

O:spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrate
I: medial border of the scapula from the level of the spine to the inferior angle
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
A: retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula

Question 8

Rhomboid minor

Answer 8

O: spinous process of C7 and T1 and the ligamentum nuchae
I: medial border of the scapula from the level of the spine to the superior angle
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
A: retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula

Question 9

Serratus posterior superior

Answer 9

O: ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7-T3
I: 2nd to 5th ribs
N: ventral primary rami of first 3-4 thoracic nerves
A: elevates the superior 4 ribs to increase the size of the thorax

Question 10

Serratus posterior inferior

Answer 10

O: spinous process of T11 thru L2
I: the inferior three or four ribs
N: ventral primary rami of the last four thoracic nerves
A: depress the inferior 3-4 ribs to prevent superior pull by the diaphragm

Question 11

Splenius capitis

Answer 11

O: ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7-T3
I: mastoid process, occipital bone
N: dorsal primary rami
A: rotate the head and neck to the same side, head and neck extension

Question 12

Splenius cervicis

Answer 12

O: spinous process of T3-T6
I: transverse process of C1-C4
N: dorsal primary rami
A: rotate the head and neck to the same side, extend neck and head

Question 13

What are the three vertical columns of the erector spinae muscles

Answer 13

iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis.

Question 14

What is the common origin of the erector spinae muscles

Answer 14

broad tendon that attaches to the iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, and sacral and inferior lumbar spinous process

Question 15

What was the innervation of the erector spinae muscles

Answer 15

dorsal primary rami

Question 16

what are the three parts of the iliocostalis

Answer 16

the lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

Question 17

Lumborum

Answer 17

part of the iliocostalis. from the iliac crest and attaches into the angle of the inferior six ribs

Question 18

Thoracis

Answer 18

arises from the six lower ribs and attaches to the six upper ribs

Question 19

Cervicis

Answer 19

arises from the six upper ribs and attaches to the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrate 4-6

Question 20

Deep layer of intrinsic muscles

Answer 20

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Question 21

Semispinalis

Answer 21

Developed in cervical region. bilaterally extends the head, and unilaterally rotates the head to the same side. span 5-6 segments, innervated by the dorsal rami of c-spine nerves

Question 22

Multifidus

Answer 22

muscles from C2-S4. Most prominent in lumbar region. originate on the vertebral arches. unilaterally, flexes the trunk laterally, rotates vertebrate to the opposite side. Bilaterally extends the trunk.

Question 23

Rotatores

Answer 23

found along the whole length of the vertebral column. easies to see in T-spine. from the transverse processes and then attach on the spinous process of the superior vertebrate. Rotate the superior vertebrate to the opposite side. Dorsal rami of spinal nerves