Week 5 Lecture Material Flashcards
Os Coxae
comprised of the ilium, ischium and pelvis
What bones are the bony pelvis composed of
the Os Coxae, and the sacrum and the coccyx and the pubic symphysis.
What are the boundaries of the pelvis cavity
the pelvic inlet (superior opening) and the pelvic outlet is enclosed by the pelvis diaphragm. anterior walls (bodies of the pubic rami and pubic symphysis lateral walls: hip bones and obturator internus posterior walls: sacrum, coccyx, SI joint and ligaments.
False pelvis
above the pubic inlet (from L5/S1 to the pubic symphysis.
True pelvis
between the pelvic inlet and outlet
pelvic inlet and outlet
the inlet is from L5/S1 to the pubic symphysis and the outlet is from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx.
the mid plane line of the pelvis is from which two points
the ischial spines.
the obturator canal is ___ to the obturator internus
superior
what passes through the obturator canal
the obturator nerve
what two ligaments make the greater and lesser sciatic notches
sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.
Describe the male verse the female pelvis
male: thick and heavy, inlet is heart shaped, outlet is small, and the arch is narrow. The foramen is round and the acetabulum is large.
female: thin and light, inlet is oval, outlet is large, arch is wide and foramen is oval. Acetabulum is small.
Pubic arch or subpubic angle in a male pelvis is about what degree and what about in a female
les than 70 for males and more than 80 in females.
Pelvic floor. Where does is stretch from? what shape is it? what muscles make it up?
funnel shaped pelvic diaphragm. consists of the levator ani and coccygeus.
From the pubis anteriorly to the coccyx posteriorly and from the walls of the pelvis on each side.
Muscles of the levator ani
iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and the puborectalis.
the piriformis exits what?
the greater sciatic foramen.
the sacrospinous ligament is ___ to the coccygeus
deep
the iliococcygeus goes from the ___ to attach to the ___
ilium to the coccyx.
of the levator ani, which is the most posterior
most posterior is the coccygeus
what are the Origin, insertion and innervation of the levator ani muscles
origin: body of pubis, obturator fascia, ischial spine.
Inserts: coccyx
innervation: nerve to levator ani (S3, S4)
Action of the levator ani
forms the muscular sling to support the abdominopelvic viscera, holds pelvic viscera in position, and assists with cavity compression like during coughing and sneezing
where does the puborectalis go from
from the pubic bone to the coccyx.
Coccygeus
Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: inf. end of sacrum and coccyx
Innervation: branches of S4 and S5
Action: supports pelvic viscera, and forms part of the diaphragm.
Puborectalis
forms a sling to keep the rectum shut so poop doesn’t fly out. Usually at an 80 degree angle.
when there is excessive relaxation of the pelvic floor, what kind of herniations occur
rectocele (herniation of the rectum) and cystocele (herniation of the bladder, urethra and vaginal wall)
What is the main supply to the pelvic region
internal iliac artery.
What are the two branches of the internal iliac artery
the anterior (obturator, pudendal, and inferior gluteal) and posterior (superior gluteal, iliolumbar, lateral sacral)
the external iliac artery will turn into the ___ artery
femoral.
what is the main supplier of blood to the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
the inferior gluteal artery
where does the inferior gluteal artery exit through. what does it supply
the greater sciatic foramen. supplies the gluteal region.
the inferior gluteal artery exits through the____ which is ___ to the piriformis
greater sciatic foramen and inferior to the piriformis.
what does the iliolumbar artery supply
the ilium and the posterior spine.
median sacral artery runs ___ the sacrum
down the anterior side
what are the muscles that attach on the anterior and lateral superior part of the femur
the piriformis, the gluteal minimus, obturator interns, and quadrates femoris
what muscles attach at the distal part of the femur.
the popliteus, gastroc (long and median head), PCL, ACL, adductor Magnus
what attaches to the superior part of the tibia?
meniscus, PCL, pes asnerines (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosis) and the soleus
which part of the patella has the larger articular surface?
the lateral part.
which side condyle of the femur is taller?
the lateral part.
what compartment of the thigh is the demoralized triangle located in
the anterior
the femoral triangle is located in the ___ thigh just _____ to the ___
anterior, just inferior to the inguinal ligament
What are the boundaries of the femoral traingle
superior: inguinal ligament
lateral: sartorius
medial: adductor longus
roof: fascia lata
floor: iliopsoas and pectineus
where does the inguinal ligament go from
the ASIS to the pubic tubercle
the adductor hiatus is a passageway for the ___ artery and vein which will then turn into the ___ artery and vein
femoral, then popliteus
What are other names for the adductor canal
the hunters canal or the subsartorius canal
the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh passes over which muscle
the sartorius
the femoral artery and vein are extension of what?
the external iliac artery and vein
is the great saphenous vein deep or superficial
superficial
what is housed in the femoral triangle.
the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. the femoral nerve. the femoral artery and vein in a femoral sheath. profound femoris artery
the profound femoris artery gives rise to which arteries
the lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
the profound femoris is the main supplier of what
the thigh
the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries are the main suppliers to
the head and neck of the femur.
the femoral artery will become the ___ artery
the popliteal
the saphenous artery will enter the sheath at the
saphenous opening.
the median circumflex goes between what two muscles
the iliopsoas and the pectinous
what is the femoral canal
in the femoral sheath for lymphatics.
What is the venous system of the LE
the dorsal venous arch, great saphenous, perforating branches.
How does blood flow (superficial to deep?)
it goes superficial to deep
what are the point of valves
to fill blood above them to fight reflux and work against gravity.
what does the great saphenous vein drain into
the femoral vein
what does the small saphenous drain into
the popliteal vein
from the dorsal venous arch…
can go to small saphenous, popliteal, femoral. or from dorsal to great saphenous to femoral.
Adductor canal. what passes here
fascia tunnel in anterior thigh. femoral vessels to the popliteal fossa (posterior knee)
where is the adductor canal location
where the sartorius passes the adductor longs, and ends at the adductor hiatus
where is the adductor hiatus located
in the tendon of the adductor Magnus.
what is in the adductor canal
the femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerf and cutaneous branch
when the femoral artery and vein passes through the adductor hiatus it changes its name to
the popliteal artery and vein.
what separates the anterior medial and posterior thigh compartments
the intermuscluar septa.
What kind of muscles are in the anterior thigh, and what is its nerve innervation
the leg extensors, and the femoral nerve
What kind of muscles are in the medial thigh, and what is its nerve innervation
adductors and obturator nerve
What kind of muscles are in the posterior thigh, and what is its nerve innervation
leg flexors and hip extensors. and Sciatic nerve
between what two compartments is the adductor canal found
the anterior and medial
the subcostal nerve
supplies the lateral aspect of the anterior thigh and the greater trochanter (T12)
Iliohypogastric
(T12-L1). lateral branch skin over superolateral butt, and the anterior branch to the skin of pubis.
ilioinguinal
L1. through inguinal ring, inferior pelvis and proximal medial thigh.
genitofemoral
pelvis, medial inferior to inguinal ligament.
Lateral femoral cutaneous
lateral and anterior parts of skin of thigh. under lateral aspect of inguinal ligament. greater trochanter to just proximal of knee.
Femoral nerve. what about muscles
innervates skin anterior and medial thigh. ONLY INN MUSCLES IN ANTERIOR
anterior femoral cutaneous
from femoral nerve in triangle.runs along sartorius, innervates skin anterior and medial thigh.
Muscles in the anterior compartment
the rectus femoris, the vastus intermedialis, lateralis, medialis. sartorius and iliopsoas and pectineus
what muscle of the anterior thigh is the only one that passes over the hip
the rectus femoris.
which muscle is around the shaft of the femur
the vastus intermedialis
what is the articularis genus
the deep muscle that pulls on the patellar bursa so its not pinched under the patella during leg extension.
Recuts Femoris
O: anterior iliac spine and rim of acetabulum
I: tibial tuberosity (patellar lig)
N: femoral n
A: flex hip, extend knee
Vastus intermedialis
O: anterior surface of femur
I: tibial tuberosity (patellar lig)
N: femoral n
A: extend knee
Vastus lateralis
O: lateral surface of femur
I: tibial tuberosity (patellar lig)
N: femoral n
A: extend knee
Vastus medialis
O: medial surface of femur and tendon for add Magnus
I: tibial tuberosity (patellar lig)
N: femoral n
A: extend knee, controls patellar tracking
Sartorius
O: ASIS
I: superior end of medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)
N: femoral n
A: flex hip, laterally rotate, weak abductor and weak knee extender.
Pectineus
O: pectineal line of superior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line femur
N: femoral n
A: flex hip, adduct
Muscles of the medial compartment
the gracilis, the adductor longus, Magnus and bravis
What nerve innervates the medial compartment
obturator
Adductor longus
O: body pubis
I: distal 2/3 linea aspera
N: obturator n
A: flex hip, adduct
Gracilis
O: inferior ramus pubis
I: medial tibia (pes anserine)
N: obturator n
A: flex hip, adduct
Adductor Magnus
O: tuberosity and ramus of ischium
I: linea aspera and adductor tubercle
N: obturator n and tibial portion sciatic
A: flex hip, adduct, extends thigh
adductor brevis
O: inferior ramus pubis
I: femur
N: obturator n
A: flex hip, adduct
what are the openings in the adductor Magnus for
the profound femoral arteries.
what passes through the adductor hiatus
the femoral artery and vein
what is the pes anserine
the medial superior part of the tibia where the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosis attach (SGT) that anterior to posterior.
the femoral artery is ___ to the inguinal ligament
inferior
the profound femoris artery has…
perforations in the adductor Magnus.
the profound femoris branches into
medial and lateral femoral circumflex
The lateral femoral circumflex is under what muscle. supplies what?
rectus femoris and anterior hip
the medial circumflex is between what two muscles and supplies what
the iliopsoas and pectineus. supplies the posterior hip.
the profound femoris anastomosis with what artery
the popliteal.
the intermediate cutaneous nerve is in what part of the thigh
anterior.
the femoral nerve is behind what two muscles and under what ligament
the psoas and ilacus and the inguinal ligament
where does the obturartor nerve exit
though the canal and obturator externus.
