Week 3: The Back

Question 1

The back

Answer 1

posterior part of the trunk, or the torso, and inferior to the neck and superior to the butt. Has vertebral column and spinal cord

Question 2

The back includes the

Answer 2

• skin and subcutaneous tissue
• muscles (superficial with positioning and moving the upper limbs) and (deep with posture)
• Vertebral column with discs and ligaments
• ribs
• spinal cord and meninges
• various segmental nerves and vessels

Question 3

Vertebral column

Answer 3

the vertebrate and the IV discs. main part of axial skeleton. from the cranium to the apex of the coccyx

Question 4

How long is the spinal cord

Answer 4

72-75 cm long (1/4 of it is because discs)

Question 5

Purpose of the vertebral column

Answer 5

• protect spinal cord and nerves
• supports weight of the body above pelvis
• provides a rigid and flexible axis for the body
• posture and locomotion

Question 6

How many vertebrate total, and then how many in each region

Answer 6

33 total

7C, 12T, 5L, 5S (fused), 4C (fused)

Question 7

Lumbosacral angle

Answer 7

occurs at the junction of the last L vert. and the sacrum

Question 8

Vertebrae

Answer 8

makes the spine flexible

Question 9

A typical vertebra body consists of

Answer 9

a vertebral body, vertebral arch and seven processes

Question 10

Vertebral body

Answer 10

cylindrical anterior part of the bone, gives strength and supports the body weight. They get bigger down the column

Question 11

Anatomy of a vertebral body

Answer 11

a vascular trabecular (pony cancellous) bone enclosed by a thin external layer of compact bone

Question 12

Trabecular bone of the vertebral body

Answer 12

meshwork of vertical and some horizontal trabeculae. In between the spaces of trabeculae there are redbone marrow, which is the most active hematopoietic (bone forming) tissue in the body.

Question 13

In the____ part of the vertebral body there are large ___ that allow the passage of ___ ____ that drain ___.

Answer 13

posterior, foramina, basivertebral veins, marrow

Question 14

epiphyseal rim. Purpose

Answer 14

ring of smooth bone, derived from annular epiphysis. This and its cartilaginous remnants help provide protection and allows for the diffusion of fluid between the IV discs and the capillaries.

Question 15

Centrum

Answer 15

the superior and inferior epiphysis. This is the primary ossification center for central mass for the vertebral body

Question 16

Vertebral arch

Answer 16

posterior to the vert body, has two pedicles (R/L), and lamina

Question 17

Pedicles

Answer 17

Two short stout projections that project posteriorly from the vertebral body

Question 18

Lamina

Answer 18

broad, flat bones that unite in the midline

Question 19

Vertebral foramen

Answer 19

the posterior surface of the vertebral body and the vertebral arch create this.

Question 20

Vertebral canal

Answer 20

the succession of the vertebral foramen. Has the spinal cords and roots, meninges, fat and vessels

Question 21

Vertebral notches? Two kinds to form what? and what passes through these

Answer 21

indentations in the lateral view that form the superior and inferior vertebral notches. These come together to form the intervertebral foramina. Spinal nerves come through these and the posterior root ganglion is located here.

Question 22

How many processes are there and where do they arise

Answer 22

There is one median spinous process, that extends posteriorly. Two transverse processes that extend from the pedicle and laminae junctions. Then there are 4 articular process, two superior and two inferior (each with an articular surface of FACET)

Question 23

what do the spinous and transverse processes provide?

Answer 23

attachment for deep back muscles, allowing them to adjust the position of the spinal cord

Question 24

Articular processes help with??

Answer 24

Keeping the vertebrate aligned, and not allowing for slippage.

Question 25

wHICH VERTEBRATE HAS THE LONGEST SPINOUS PROCESS, AND HOW CAN YOU TELL?

Answer 25

C7, there is a prominence at the base of the neck especially when the neck is flexed

Question 26

The articular facets in the thoracic vertebrate are nearly _____ allowing for what kind of motion in the spine

Answer 26

vertical, allowing for lateral flexion and rotation

Question 27

characteristics of the cervical vertebrate

Answer 27

smallest, which indicated less weight bearing than the others. IV discs are smaller than other regions, but bone to discs ratio they are bigger, allowing for the most movement to come from the C-spine

Question 28

Most distinctive feature of the C-vertebrate? located where, what passes through?

Answer 28

the foramen transversarium.

in the transverse process. Vertebral arteries and veins pass through this, except through C7.

Question 29

Where are the foramen transversarium the smallest and sometimes missing?

Answer 29

C7

Question 30

The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrate end in… and provide attachment for what

Answer 30

anterior tubercule and posterior and provide attachment for laterally placed group of cervical muscles (elevator swap and scalenes).

Question 31

The anterior rami of the C-spine nerves course initially on the transverse processes in the ____ which are between the _____

Answer 31

grooves for spinal nerves, and between the tubercles

Question 32

Carotid tubercles

Answer 32

the anterior tubercles of the C6 vertebrate because the common carotid arteries run through here and can be compressed to control the bleeding

Question 33

Which Cervical vertebrate are typical vertebrate? and why

Answer 33

C3-C7 because large vertebral foramina

Question 34

Uncus of the body

Answer 34

the supereolateral margin

Question 35

Vertebra prominens

Answer 35

C7, called this because of prominent spinous process

Question 36

Atlas

Answer 36

C1 vertebrate. Does not have a body or a spinous body. . Has lateral masses that give way to the transverse processes, and it is the widest C-vertebrate

Question 37

The ___ shaped _____ ____ ____ of the lateral masses articulate with two large cranial protuberances known as the ______ at the sides of the ______

Answer 37

kidney shaped, superior articular surfaces, occipital condyles, foramen magnum.

Question 38

Axis

Answer 38

C2 vertebrate. strongest. C1 rotates on this vertebrate.

Question 39

Distinguishing feature of the C2, are the __

Answer 39

dens of the axis, or a tooth like protrusion underneath. Allows for rotation of the head by pivoting

Question 40

Thoracid vertebrate function and primary characteristic

Answer 40

allow attachment for the ribs, and the costal facets.