Week 6 (joints and movement)

Question 1

Name all structural classification of joints

Answer 1

Fibrous connective tissue
 For strength and support

Cartilage
 For cushioning
 Strength and flexibility

Mixture of both plus a special fluid (synovial fluid)
(Synovial joint)
 For cushioning
 Lubrication of joint

Question 2

3 examples of fibrous joints

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 3

Bones held together by cartilage

c. 2 types
i. Symphyses (hyaline cartilage)
ii. Synchondroses (Fibrous cartilage)

Question 4

Basic Structure of a synovial joint – 5 basic
components

Answer 4

1. Articular cartilage (hyaline)
2. Synovial cavity
3. Articular capsule
   a. Outer fibrous layer
   b. Inner synovial membrane
4. Synovial fluid
   a. Secreted by the synovial
   membrane
   b. Fluid plus hyaluronic acid plus
   phagocytes
   c. Traps water in synovial cavity
5. Ligaments (“strap-like” tissue)

Question 5

The three functional classification of joints (define and give examples)

Answer 5

Functional classification
Synarthroses (syn = together).
 Immovable joints

Amphiarthroses (amphi = both sides)
 Sightly moveable

Diarthroses (Dia = apart)
 Freely moveable

Question 6

Outine every Diathrotic Joint

Answer 6

Pivot = a ring of bone rotating around another bone, e.g. neck
- Ball-and-socket = allows movement in all directions e.g. shoulder joint
- Hinge = allows the joint to bend and straighten, but does not rotate e.g. elbow
joint
- Ellipsoid = a less flexible version of the ball-and-socket joint e.g. wrist joint
- Saddle = fit together to allow all movement except rotation e.g. thumb joint
- Gliding = two generally flat surfaces gliding over each other e.g. joint between
the tarsals of the foot

Question 7

Joint Movement: movement is classified in 3 main categories

Answer 7

1. Gliding (simplest movement
   - One bone simply glides over
   surface of another e.g. ankle
   and wrist joints
2. Angular
   - Increase or decrease the
   angle between two bones
   a. Flexion / extension
   b. Abduction / adduction
   c. Circumduction
3. Rotation
   - Movement of a bone around its own axis
   - Examples:
   o Only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae
   o Hip and shoulder joints
4. Other Special Movements
   - Supination (turning outwards / supine)
   - Pronation (turning inwards / prone)
   - Dorsiflexion (lifting the foot up)
   - Plantar flexion (pointing the toe)