Week 1 Content (Homestatsis, Anatomical Positioning Terms)

Question 1

Define homostasis and the feedback mechanisms

Answer 1

Homostasis: A state of balance within the body (equilibrium)
Feedback Mechanisms
1) Negative feedback: dampens the intensity of the original stimulus (control of body temperature, blood pressure, hunger response)
2) Positive feedback: increases the intensity of the original stimulus (child birth, inflammation)

Question 2

Outline the Steps of Negative Feedback Control of Thermoregulation

Answer 2

STIMULUS (body temperature above 37.2C (99F) –> detected by receptors (body temperature sensors)–> information to the control center (brain) –> sends commands to the effectors (blood vessels and sweat glands in the skin – RESPONSE ( increased blood flow to skin, Increased sweating) [STIMULUS REMOVED/HOMEOSTATISIS RESTORED]

Question 3

Define the positions

Answer 3

Supine Position: laying on my back -
Semi supine: some variation

Prone Position: Laying on my front -
Semi prone: some variation

Question 4

Define these terms.
Plane:
Section:

Answer 4

Plane: An imaginary flat surface that passes through the body
Section: One of the 2 possible surfaces that results from a plane

Question 5

Define a sagittal plane and the types of sagittal planes

Answer 5

Sagittal Plane: Divides the body or organ into a left or right section
- Mid-sagittal plane: produces equal halves
- Para-sagittal plane: produces unequal halves

Question 6

Define the Frontal (coronal) plane and the sections/portions

Answer 6

Frontal (coronal) plane: Divides the front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

Question 7

Define the Transverse (cross-sectional) or Horizontal Plane

Answer 7

Transverse (cross-sectional) or Horizontal Plane: divides the into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions.

Question 8

Define the Oblique plane

Answer 8

Oblique plane: some combination of 2 other planes (look at the diagram)

Question 9

Define Superior or Inferior

Answer 9

Superior: Towards the head [e.g. the eyes are superior to (above) the mouth]
Inferior: Away from the head [e.g. the liver is inferior to (below) the heart]

Question 10

Define Medial or Lateral

Answer 10

Medial: nearer to the mid line of the body (e.g .the heart is medial to the lung)
Lateral: Further away from the midline of the body (e.g. the little toe/thumb is on the lateral side to the hand/foot)

Question 11

Define Proximal and Distal

Answer 11

Proximal: Closer to the torso (e.g. the knee to proximal to the ankle)
Distal: Further from the torso (e.g. the wrist is distal to the elbow)

Question 12

Define Dorsal or Ventral

Answer 12

Dorsal (posterior): back of the body (the brain is dorsal/posterior to the forehead)
Ventral (anterior): at the front of the body (the sternum is anterior to the heart)

Question 13

Outline the Planes presented

Answer 13