Week 1 Content (Cells) Flashcards
What are the three main componenets of the cell
- Plasma membrane:
* Outer cell membrane - Cytoplasm:
* Cytosol: the intracellular fluid
* Cytoskeleton
* Organelles - Nucleus:
* Holds most of the genetic material
What term is used to describe the Plasma membrane
Fluid mosaic model
Outline the diagram
Parts of the Phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipid bilayer
Polar parts (heads) are hydrophilic (love water)
- face on both surfaces towards an aqueous environment
- two aqueous compartments - inside cell and outside cell
Non-polar parts (tails) are hydrophobic (hate water)
- line up next to each other in the interior of the bilayer.
Types of proteins in the cell membrane
INTEGRAL AND PERIPHERAL PROTEINS
The funcition of a GLYCOLIPID
Their role is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition (connecting cells to form tissue)
The types of Passive transport
Simple diffusion and Facilitated diffusion
Define simple diffusion
Simple diffusion:
* Substances move from high
concentration to low concentration
through the plasma membrane.(sovents) (liquid)
Define Facilitated diffusion:
Substances move from high
concentration to low concentration
via a protein (solutes (ions))
What are the two different facilitaed protein channels
Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion and carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion (Transporter Protein)
Define Active transport
Substances move from low concentration to high concentration via a protein and energy against the concentration gradient (hydrolysis of atp)
Vesicular transport….
Transport bulky material in small vesicles
Types of movement for visicular transport
exo cytosis and endo cytosis
What makes the cytoskeleton
Micro filaments, intermidiate filaments and microtubles
1) Microfilaments:
Aid in maintaining cell shape
and cell motility
Intermediate filaments:
High tensile strength
* Internal guy-wires to resist
pulling forces exerted on the
cell.
Microtubules:
Functions:
* Repositioning of organelles
* Chromosomal movement during
division of cells
* Movement of cilia and flagella
1) Microfilaments:Intermediate filaments:Microtubules: are part of the …………..
cyto skeleton
Outline the diagram
Nuclear Envelope
The nuclear envelope
* Consists of a double
Membrane
- Outer surface is
continuous with RER - Punctuated by nuclear
pores
– Aqueous transport
channel regulating entry
and exit of molecules. - Selectively permeable
– Pores are hydrophobic
Chromatin
The DNA from one
cell, stretched out, is
approx 2 meters long.
– Needs to be
condensed!
* Chromatin is composed
of approx.
– 30% DNA
– 60% Histone proteins
– 10%RNA
The Nucleolus
Sits inside the nucleus.
* Not membrane bound.
* Typically one or two per
nucleus.
* Spherical bodies that
make ribosomal subunits.
* Subunits then leave the
nucleus via the nuclear
pores.
* Senses cellular stress.
The nucleus consists of three regions / Function
- Nuclear envelope
- Nucleoli
- Chromatin
Main store for the
cell’s
genetic information
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
A network of membranes closely associated with the nucleus.
What are the two classes of endo plasmic reticulum
Rough ER (RER)
* ribosomes attached to surface
* “studded” appearance
Smooth ER (SER)
* no ribosomes attached
The steps of the nucleus and er
DNA transcribes on RNA and then translates into proteins though ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomes makes proteins from RNA)
What are the three pathways of the Golgi apparatus
Where do the vecicles from the rer travel to
the membrane of the the golgi apparatus
What happens to the proteins in the golgi apparatus
The proteins are modified and then packaged in different vesicle type
What are the functions of the Mitochondria
The synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
The functions of lysosomes
Perform metabolic activities
1) breakdown of glycogen to glucose
2) breakdown of bone
3) ca2+ ions into bloodstream
Traits of the mitochondria
Contain their own DNA and RNA/ribosomes
