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S7- Cardiopulmonary > Week 6- Exercise 101 > Flashcards

Week 6- Exercise 101 Flashcards

1
Q

PART 1

A

PART 1

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2
Q

What is the difference between physical activity and exercise?

A

Physical Activity
-A broad term used to describe all forms of large muscle movements including sports, dance, games, work, lifestyle activities, and exercise for fitness.

Exercise
-Any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability. Physical activity intended to improve strength, fitness and specific athletic skill or skills.

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3
Q

Do physical activity and exercise share a common goal?

A

Yes, improvements in strength and aerobic capacity, flexibility and improved functional capacity. Will lead to increased QOL.

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4
Q

What are the (2) types of exercise?

A
  • Aerobic Exercise (Reconditioning)

- Anaerobic (Resistance Training)

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5
Q

PART 2: AEROBIC EXERCISE

A

PART 2: AEROBIC EXERCISE

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6
Q

What (4) things does aerobic exercise help enhance?

A
  • pulmonary performance
  • cardiac performance
  • blood flow
  • ability to extract/utilize delivered O2
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7
Q
  • What is an indirect assessment of aerobic capacity?

- What does this mean?

A
  • VO2 max

- There is a point where oxygen consumption plateaus despite increase in exercise intensity.

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8
Q

Reaching VO2max:

  • RER > ____
  • Leveling off of ____________ despite increasing work load.
  • Elevated _______ levels
  • Achievement of ______
A
  • > 1.15
  • O2 consumption
  • lactate levels
  • HRmax
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9
Q

VO2max:

  • What is it?
  • Best indicator of ____ fitness and _______ endurance.
  • Is it the gold standard for determining cardiorespiratory fitness?
A
  • Refers to the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense or maximal exercise.
  • CV fitness and aerobic endurance
  • Yes
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10
Q

What are some other names for VO2max?

A
  • maximal oxygen consumption
  • maximal oxygen uptake
  • maximal aerobic capacity
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11
Q

What are some factors that influence VO2max? (6)

A
  • Gender
  • Family Hx
  • Age
  • Body composition
  • Training status
  • Altitude
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12
Q

What are some tests to assess submaximal exercise capacity? (5)

A
  • 6MWT
  • Fixed work load tests
  • Submaximal treadmill test (pre set HR, symptom limited)
  • Step test
  • Cycling test
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13
Q

What are some other methods to assess submaximal exercise?

A
  • Questionnaires
  • Weekly Activity Levels
  • Wearables***
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14
Q

What are some things that we can do with an estimate of VO2 peak? (4)

A
  • Describe the maximal aerobic capacity/maximal fitness status of an individual!!
  • Use it to write exercise prescription.
  • Use it to demonstrate improvement in exercise capacity associated with reconditioning (PT!!!)
  • Develop treatment goals
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15
Q

CV Exercise can be beneficial _________ and ________.

A

physically and mentally

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16
Q

What are some physical benefits of CV exercise? (6)

A
  • Reduce body fat.
  • Increase aerobic capacity (ability of the body to use O2).
  • Increase lung volume (and lung’s ability to take in O2).
  • Reduce demands on the heart (at rest and during exercise).
  • Lower BP.
  • Reduces risk factors for numerous disease.
17
Q

What are some mental benefits of CV exercise? (2)

A
  • Reduces anxiety.

- Improves mild-mod depression, self-esteem, and mood.

18
Q
  • What is a MET?

- 1 MET = ____ml/kg/min

A
  • Amount of energy it costs to complete a task, determined by the amount of oxygen it requires.
  • 3.5ml/kg/min
19
Q

PART 3: ANAEROBIC EXERCISE

A

PART 3: ANAEROBIC EXERCISE

20
Q

What are the (5) determinants of strength?

A
  • Number of motor units recruited.
  • Frequency of motor unit firing.
  • Quality of motor unit synchronization.
  • Muscle fiber type.
  • Cross sectional area.
21
Q

What are some ways to assess anaerobic fitness? (6)

A
  • MMT
  • 1RM
  • 8-10RM
  • Hand-held dynamometer***
  • Isokinetic testing
  • Power testing (Wingate test, Stair test)
22
Q

What are some benefits of improved anaerobic capacity? (3)

A
  • Increased strength.
  • Greater balance/reduced fall risk.
  • Muscle strength but not mass independently associated with physical function in older adults.
23
Q

What are (3) issues associated with muscle decline with aging?

A
  • Sarcopenia (>60yo)
  • Reduction in capillary blood supply.
  • Fewer satellite cells.
24
Q

Frailty:

  • 10% in those >____.
  • 50% in those >____.
A
  • 10% in those >65.

- 50% in those >85.

25
Q

-What are the (5) criteria for the diagnosis of frailty?

  • Prefrail = __-__ criteria
  • Frail = >__ criteria
A
  1. ) Recent weight loss
  2. ) Self reported exhaustion
  3. ) Weakness
  4. ) Slow walking speed
  5. ) Decreased physical activity
Prefrail = 1-2 criteria
Frail = >3 criteria
26
Q

Frailty Criteria:

Recent Weight Loss:
-___lbs in previous year. BMI ___s to walk ___m.

Decreased Physical Activity:
- >____kcal/week of activity.

A
  • 10lbs in previous year, BMI <18.5
  • Unusually tired/weak in previous month.
  • <20% of age predicted grip strength.
  • > 5s to walk 4m.
  • > 270kcal/week of activity.
27
Q

Power:

  • Power = _____*_______
  • Reflects a combination of ________ and __________.
A
  • force * velocity

- strength and endurance

28
Q

Is power or strength more related to performance and functional capacity?

A

Power

29
Q

What are some tests used to measure power? (3)

A
  • Peak Cycling Test
  • Stair Climb Test
  • 30s Sit to Stand
30
Q

Acute CV Response to Exercise:

  • ___ HR
  • ___ CO
  • ___ SV
  • ___ SP
  • ___ in DP
  • ___ TPR
A
  • ↑HR
  • ↑CO
  • ↑SV
  • ↑SP
  • ↓ or no change in DP
  • ↓ TPR
31
Q

What are (2) indications for stopping exercise in regards to BP?

A
  • SP fails to increase or drops below resting levels.

- DP increases >10mmHg.

S7- Cardiopulmonary (24 decks)

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