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S7- Cardiopulmonary > Week 2-Cardiomyopathies > Flashcards

Week 2-Cardiomyopathies Flashcards

1
Q

PART 1

A

PART 1

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2
Q

Cardiomyopathy is a disorder within the cardiac _________ themselves which results in abnormal cellular and hence cardiac performance. This typically leads to ________ decline in cardiac function. Patients with cardiomyopathy are often candidates for __________.

A
  • myocytes
  • irreversible
  • transplantation
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3
Q

What is the most powerful risk stratifier for cardiomyopathy?

A

LVEF

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4
Q

What are the (3) most common types of cardiomyopathies?

A
  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy (enlarged ventricles)
  • Hypertrophic Cariomyopathy (thick, stiffened walls)
  • Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (stiffened walls)
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5
Q

What is the most common form of cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

Describe the anatomy of Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

A
  • Increased heart weight
  • 1 or more chambers dilated
  • Thinned walls
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7
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy has impaired ________ function and reduced ___ with cardiac enlargement. _________ is common.

A
  • systolic function and reduced EF

- fibrosis

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8
Q

What are some causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Genetic mutations
  • Viral infections (HIV)
  • Toxins
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Myocarditis
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9
Q

What are the S/Sx of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A

Symptoms

  • Fatigue
  • Dyspnea on exertion, SOB, cough
  • Orthopnea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Increasing edema/weight/abdominal girth

Signs

  • Tachypnea
  • Tachycardia
  • Hyper/Hypotension
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10
Q

Other Pertinent Findings of Dilated Cardiomyopathy:

  • Signs of ________
  • _______________
  • __________ edema
  • Enlarged ______
  • Ascites or peripheral edema
A
  • hypoxia (cyanosis, clubbing)
  • jugular venous distension (JVD)
  • pulmonary edema (crackles/wheezing)
  • liver (hepatomegaly)
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11
Q

What does nonpharmacologic management of Dilated Cardiomyopathy include? Why?

A
  • sodium diet restricted to 2g/day
  • fluid restriction

-Helps to minimize blood volume and thus minimize workload on the heart.

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12
Q

________ Cardiomyopathy is the single most common cause of death in apparently healthy young people.

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

Describe the anatomy of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

A

-thick LV wall with non-dilated cavity

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14
Q
  • In Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, the resulting cardiac hypertrophy is out of proportion to the ____________ load.
  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is associated with one or more of __ gene defects which can cause defects in sarcomeric proteins.
A
  • hemodynamic

- 9

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15
Q

Is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy a genetic disorder?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Describe how Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy occurs.

A
  • Normal BP perceived as excessive by defective myocytes.
  • Hypertrophy occurs as a compensatory mechanism.
  • Ultimately leads to heart decompensation (decreased functional capacity) and fails
17
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy:

  • Majority of cases are ___________.
  • First clinical manifestation is often ___________.
A
  • asymptomatic

- sudden death

18
Q

What are the (2) types of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A

Obstructive HCM
-Septal/LV wall stiffens, obstructing blood flow.

Nonobstructive HCM
-LV wall stiffens, reducing LVEDV and SV. Blood flow not blocked.

19
Q

What are the S/Sx of HCM?

A
  • Chest pain (esp with exertion)
  • SOB (esp with exertion)
  • Fatigue
  • Arrhythmias
  • Dizziness/Lightheadedness
  • Fainting
  • Swelling in ankles, feet, legs, abdomen, and veins in the neck
20
Q

What are some long terms complications of HCM?

A
  • A.fib
  • Dysrhythmias
  • HF
  • Hx of MIs
21
Q

What are some treatment options for HCM?

A
  • Alcohol septal ablation
  • Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
  • Heart transplants
22
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy is rare and is characterized by restricted diastolic filling, loss of compliance, and idiopathic fibrosis?

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

23
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy:

  • Systolic function is ________
  • EDV is ___________
  • ESVs and EFs is ________
  • SV is _________
  • Filling pressures are very _____
A
  • normal
  • diminished (chambers cannot expand)
  • normal
  • diminished
  • high
24
Q

What are the symptoms of Restrictive Cardioyopathy?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Abdominal swelling
  • Ankle edema
  • Fatigue
25
Q

What are some causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Scleroderma
  • Amyloidosis
  • Sarcoidosis (fibrotic scarring secondary to myocardial infiltrates)
  • Diabetes
  • Hemochromatosis (excessive deposition of iron)
  • Chemotherapeutic agents
  • Radiation

S7- Cardiopulmonary (24 decks)

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