week 6 communicable disease controls Flashcards
what are the four themes of surveillance in evaluation of public health practive?
collection
analysation and interpretation
communication
action
what are the purposes of survelince in public health/communicable disease?
determine magnitude of disease examine trends over time examin differences in different settings identify risk factors identify reponses direct outbreaks monitor imact on health interventions facilitate future planning and interventions
what is an outbreak?
spike in survelence reporting - sudden increase in spread
what is the role of communicable disease surveillance at a national level?
detection of trends
implementation of policies for resources and repsonses
coordination of response across jurisdictions
describing epidimological datea
supporting quaranteen agencies
meeting required reporting targets/standards to WHO
what are the types of health surveillance that occur?
syndromic - way patients present disease passive and active surveillance enhanced surveillance laboratory based sentinel surveillance case definitions cases
what infection control programs are used to stop the spread of disease?
hand hygiene PPE isolation survelence vaccination cleaning outbreak investigation/managment
what is the definition of endemic?
disease that occurs within the community with the incidence falling with normal expected range
what is an epidemic?
occurnce in community in excess of normal range
what is the definition of pandemic?
a type of epidemic in a more broadspreade range
what is the definition of heard immunity?
critical levels of immunization coverage required to prevent outbreaks of a specific disease, in a given context
what is done in an outbreak investigation?
establish outbreak verify through diagnosis/testing define and identify cases of exposure preform descriptive epidemiology determin who is at risk develop a hypothesis perfom aditional sutides implement control and prevention measure communicate findings
what are the 5 basic steps in outbreak investigation?
cause of disease source of infection mode of transmission who is at risk control prevention
what is risk communication?
a requirement for effective prevent control of CD outbreaks
a way to commuicate effectivley in situations of high concern to provide the public, government information about advrese effcts, possible outcomes
what are the 5 elements of risk communication?
trust early announcement transparency listening operational planning
when are risks percived to be higher?
involuntary, close to home, man-made, imminante,
