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HealthPSY223 > WEEK 6 - Chronic Disease (HIV & Cancer) > Flashcards

WEEK 6 - Chronic Disease (HIV & Cancer) Flashcards

1
Q

chronic disease defintion

A

lasting three or more months, generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by meds or simply disappear

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2
Q

non - communicable disease defintion

A

non infectious health condition that cannot be spread from person to person

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3
Q

HIV summary

A

slow development, binds to t helper cells, leads to aids, lowers immune system function

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4
Q

symptoms of HIV

A

fever, chills, rash, night sweats, fatigue

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5
Q

acute HIV

A

very infectious - could be asymptomatic

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6
Q

chronic HIV

A

symptoms increase and viral load increases

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7
Q

AIDS

A

most severe form of HIV, if not treated results in death after 3 years

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8
Q

prevention of HIV

A

limiting sexual partners, condoms, don’t share needles, preventative medication for pre and post exposure

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9
Q

pre exposure prophylaxis

A

take daily for people at risk of catching- prevents it from taking over and spreading throughout the body * highly effective

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10
Q

post exposure prophylaxis

A

should only be used in emergency and taken ASAP- within 12 hours

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11
Q

anti retroviral therapy

A

drastic positive changes to prevention and living with HIV, reduces mortality- now it is a chronic illness not terminal

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12
Q

role of health psychology in the PRIMARY prevention of HIV

A

helping people avoid getting HIV and adjusting to diagnosis and treatment

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13
Q

role of health psychology in the SECONDARY prevention of HIV

A

reduce adverse concequences, reduce transmission, help with mental health, understanding and compliance, stigma and discrimination, telling and protecting others.

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14
Q

progression from HIV to AIDS

A

lifestyle may speed up: drug use, unsafe sex, unhealthy behaviours, stress, cognitions, adherence to meds, coping, neg expectations

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15
Q

longevity of HIV

A

relates to general health status, health behaviours, social support, coping and realistic acceptance

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16
Q

risk environment model and HIV

A

looks at 4 enviro influences; physical social economical and political- can all influence HIV

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17
Q

health beliefs model and HIV

A

facilitates change through attitudes and beliefs- only selected components used for HIV- doesn’t incorporate social norms and peer influences * used in primary prevention to increase condom use and early treatment

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18
Q

stages of change model and HIV

A

not linear, used for safe sex practices and to help women move on to next stage

19
Q

social cognitive theory and HIV

A

most frequently used model because of personal determinants of behaviour and environmental influences

20
Q

risk reduction model and AIDS

A

incorporates variables from other models- provides a frame work 2 explain and predicting AIDS- looks at suceptability, self efficacy, emotional stress and communication skills

21
Q

risk reduction model three stages with AIDS

A
  1. labelling as problematic
  2. commitment to change
  3. seeking and enacting solutions
22
Q

psychological behavioural interventions for HIV

A

targets medication adherence and barriers such as self efficacy, understanding and social factors- help to maximise biomedical treatment

23
Q

risk compensation

A

occurs in AIDS

- has meds therefore engages in more high risk behaviours

24
Q

common elements of chronic disease

A

self management, treatment adherence, working with healthcare, understanding lab tests, managing fatigue, eating healthy and exercising

25
Q

physical quality of life for HIV

A

asymptomatic- similar general health to gen pop

symptomatic - much worse than gen pop

26
Q

mental quality of life for HIV

A

regardless of symptoms worse than gen pop- worse than MS, diabetes but better than depression

27
Q

predictors of better outcome for HIV

A

being employed, higher income, social support, spiritual meaning, physical activity

28
Q

common comorbid conditions with HIV

A

depression and substance use disorder

29
Q

depression and HIV relationship

A

related to accelerated immune system decline and mortality

30
Q

CBT and chronic disease

A

reduces stress, teaches coping relaxation and social skills & cognitive restructuring techniques, enhances perceived environmental control and self efficacy, targets comorbid conditions

31
Q

cancer defintion

A

progressive loss of cell shape which travels through the blood or immune system to spread throughout the body

32
Q

how is cancer stages

A

through cell site, size, type and if in lymphnodes

33
Q

risk factors of cancer

A

physical inactivity, nutrition, smoking, obesity and heavy drinking

34
Q

treatment options for cancer

A

surgery, radiation, chemo, hormone treatment, stem cell transplant and combinations of these

35
Q

immunotherapy

A

biological- immune checkpoint inhibitors, t transfer therapy and vaccines
targetted therapy- targets proteins (may req. specific gene make up)
precision medicine- personalised genetic treatment - new and used on stage 4, will become more commmon

36
Q

psycho-oncology definiton

A

exploration of psyc and social factors associated with cancer adjustement

37
Q

factors impacted by cancer short term

A

mood, sleep, sexual desire, body image,

38
Q

long term factors impacted by cancer

A

sexual dysfunction, mood improves, poorer body image, grief anxiety and anger, PTSD, hair loss, decreased self esteeme and benefit finding

39
Q

post trauma growth associated with cancer

A

meaning/benefit finding- predicted by optimism and social support

40
Q

common sense model of cancer

A

leading psychological model of self regulation- assumes subjective illness representations explain outcomes and coping
eg. control representations/perceptions increase illness outcome

41
Q

cancer intervention types

A

in patient, out patient, peer groups, families or couples

- psychoeducation or CBT or coping skills training

42
Q

online cancer interventions

A

must be stage specific, are new with mixed evidence- often look at mindfulness

43
Q

efficacy of CBT for cancer

A

related to positive outcomes, reduces anxiety and depression- larger effect on mood for patients with high baseline

44
Q

physical activity and cancer

A

shown to decrease symptoms specifically for breast cancer

HealthPSY223 (7 decks)

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