WEEK 3 - Exercise & Diet Flashcards

1
Q

fat intake is directly linked to…

A

various forms of heart disease through physiological mechanisms

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2
Q

fat intake is indirectly linked to disease…

A

related 2 disease by effect on weight and obesity

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3
Q

what are the food groups and intake should be…

A

fruit & veg- 5+per day
bread/pasta/cereal- should be high in fibre
meat & fish- moderate amount and low fat
Milk/dairy- moderate and low fat
fatty& sugary- infrequent

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4
Q

eating disorders are associated with

A

physical problems such as heart attack, stunted growth, osteoporosis & reproductive problems

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5
Q

obesity is associated with…

A

diabetes, heart disease and cancer

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6
Q

diet and treating illness

A

diet can be used to treat conditions such as obesity, angina, heart disease, disease or after heart attack are recommended to change their diet

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7
Q

diet and diabetes

A

central to type 1 and 2, often aimed 2 produce weight loss. 10% reduction improves glucose metabolism

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8
Q

diet for children in western world…

A

too much fat, not enough fruit and veg

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9
Q

diet for children in developing world results in…

A

under eating- causes physical, cognitive problems and poor resistance 2 illness

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10
Q

three models of eating behaviour

A

cognitive, developmental and weight concern

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11
Q

cognitive model of eating behaviour

A

research explores role of cognition on predicting intentions to consume specific foods
memory and mindless eating play a role

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12
Q

developmental model of eating behaviour

A

highlights importance of learning & experience, and food preferences in childhood

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13
Q

three factors of developmental model of eating behaviour

A

exposure, social learning and associative learning

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14
Q

exposure factor and eating

A

mere exposure can change childrens eating preferences

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15
Q

social learning and eating

A

positive association between parents and children diets, as well as media ads promoting unhealthy foods

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16
Q

associative learning and eating

A

impact of continent factors on behaviour- stimuli and eating

eg. conditioned taste aversion or food as a reward increases food acceptance

17
Q

weight concern model of eating behaviour

A

food changes weight and shape of body, therefore body dissatisfaction results in dieting- media also plays a role- social pressure influences eating

18
Q

exercise and health

A

sedentary life increases development of disease such as cardiovascular problems, diabetes, cancer- exercise is health protective

19
Q

exercise is defined as…

A

planned/structured discrete episodes of activity- non-sedentary behaviour that leads to energy expenditure including a wide range of things

20
Q

Physical benefits of exercsie

A

increased longevity & life expectancy (+ 2.5 years if >2000 per week, if sitting <3 hrs a day +2 years) regardless of weight

21
Q

effects of exercise on physiology

A

enhances fnction of circulatory, respitory and skeletal and muscle systems
immune responses improve

22
Q

shape of immune response to exercise

A

J shaped

23
Q

what is exercise used as a treatment for

A

obesity, CHD, backpain, injury, constipation, headachesm diabetes & CFS

24
Q

Psychological benefits of exercise

A

increase brain activity and plasticity, including structural growth of the brain

25
Q

brain plasticity in response to exercise

A

causes functional and structural plasticity- aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors

26
Q

neurotrophies

A

proteins that stimulate growth of brain tissue

27
Q

which brain areas grow in repsonse to exercise

A

prefrontal and anterior cingulate corticies
nucleus accumbens
hippocampus &
cerebellum

28
Q

relationship between exercise and mental health

A

improves psyc wellbeing in people with depression, neg moods, stress, ADHD & addiction

29
Q

exercise effects mental health by (2 ways)…

A
  1. inducing release of opiates (endorphins) producing a natural high- reducing cortisol (stress hormone)
  2. stimulating the release of catechlomines such as noradrenaline and adrenaline- enhancing mood, decreasing stress, reducing muscle tension
30
Q

how does exercise regulate stress

A

exercise reduces cortison production in response to stress by releasing it in an intensity dependent manner (therefore when stressed less cortisol is released)

31
Q

relationship between ADHD and exercise

A

those who exericsed reguarly show increased cognitive performance and brain function, inhibituory control and better allocation of attentional resources

32
Q

addiction and exercise

A

more exercise decreases cocain intake in rats, manages cravings & prevent addiction (potential adjunct therapy)

33
Q

theory of planned behaviour and exercise

A

significant correlations between exercise intention & attitude, subjective norm & percieved behavioural control that account for involvement in exercise

34
Q

self efficacy model and exercise

A

a person will be more likely to exericse if:
1. perception of mastery is increased
2. there is participatory modelling
3. verbal persuasion from others
4. optimum arousal
overall, increased SE = improved engagment and performance

35
Q

Stages of Change model and exercise

A
precontemplation= sedentary (no intention)
contemplation= considering value/need to exercise
preperation= intending to in near future
action= physcially active but only in last month
maitenance= active 4 several months