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healthpsy223 > WEEK 5 - Stress & Coping > Flashcards

WEEK 5 - Stress & Coping Flashcards

1
Q

generalised adaption syndrome

A

unspecific reaction of the body to stressors in the environment- a three stage process - involves activation of HPA axis

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2
Q

GAS three phases

A

alarm reaction
resistance phase
exhaustion phase

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3
Q

alarm reaction phase

A

can cause decrease in bodily defences and blood pressure; heart rate may initially decrease b4 rising to much higher than normal- level of arousal cannot be maintained

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4
Q

resistance phase

A

body tries 2 adapt to stressor

  • arousal decreases but still higher than normal
  • the stages mobilisation of the body defences cannot be maintained without being vulnerable to illness
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5
Q

exhaustion phase

A

occurs if resistance stage lasts too long, resulting in a depletion of bodily resources and energy- ability to resist stress declines, an increase in likleyhood of disease occurs

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6
Q

types of stress

A

chronic

acute

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7
Q

acute stress examples

A

exams, natural disasters traumatic events

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8
Q

chronic stress examples

A

occupational, relationship stress, persistent stressor/ condition/ situation

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9
Q

body responses to stress

A

headaches, fatigue, skin irritation

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10
Q

mind responses to stress

A

worry, negativity, nightmares, indecision

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11
Q

emotional responses to stress

A

more fussy, depression, irritability

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12
Q

behavioural responses to stress

A

loss of sex drive, smoking more and insomnia

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13
Q

physiological effects of stress

A

mouth ulcers, cardiovascular disease, hair loss, menstrual disorders, anxiety and depression

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14
Q

stress and immune system

A

stressful life events, and negative emotions they generate can dysregulate the immune response by disturbing the sensitive interplay among the CNS endocrine and immune systems

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15
Q

acute inflammation and stress

A

chronic long term stress can produce exaggerated and or prolonged inflammatory responses that are detrimental to health.

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16
Q

mediators of stress and immunity

A

troubled relationships, negative or competitive social interactions, feeling lonely, sleep, diet and exercise

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17
Q

transactional theory of stress and coping (Lazarus)

A
  • stress is a product of a person and their complex environment
  • coping is defined in terms of thoughts and actions that people use in stressful situations
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18
Q

an appraisal

A

whether something is perceived as a stress, our thoughts and how we react to it

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19
Q

primary appraisal

A

person decides if the situation is benign, stressful or irrlevent

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20
Q

secondary appraisal

A

person evaluates options and decides how to respond- do I have resources 2 cope with it- external or internal

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21
Q

factors that influence appraisal

A 
imminent events
undesirable events
unexpected events
ambiguous events 
events with potential risk/harm
life changing events
events you have no control over
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22
Q

coping

A

process of managing demands that are appraised as taxing / exceeding the persons resources - may or may not succeed

23
Q

coping is a dynamic process

A

involves a constellation of cognitions and behaviour that arise from appraisals of event and the emotions attatched

24
Q

coping includes

A

anything a person is doing to reduce impact of / or stressor- can alter or decrease neg emotions or target stressor

25
Q

5 main tasks of stress

A
  1. reducing harmful external conditions
  2. tolerating or adjusting to negative events
  3. maintaining positive a self image
  4. maintaining emotional equilibrium and reducing emotional stress
  5. maintaining satisfactory relationships
26
Q

two classes of coping

A

problem and emotion focused coping

27
Q

problem focused coping

A

change situation, nature or aspects of a problem or learn new skills to cope with demands

28
Q

emotion focused coping

A

aims to regulate emotions experienced because of the stressful event- doesn’t matter if works or not eg. crying

29
Q

attentional/approach/monitoring coping is

A

active problem focused coping

30
Q

avoidant /blunting coping is

A

passive emotion focused coping, minimising avoiding threat

31
Q

styles of coping

A

eg. monitor vs blunter

32
Q

monitor style

A

have tendency to approach problems, seek out threat or relevant information

33
Q

blunter style

A

tend 2 avoid or distract themselves

34
Q

strategy of coping

A

situation specific coping responses that are adopted and reflect context

35
Q

crying effectivness

A

good intitially - can signal support but not good long term

36
Q

sharing effectiveness

A

can be good but less so long term

37
Q

drinking or avoiding thoughts

A

not good long term, can be adaptive

38
Q

persistant avoidant

A

passive, helpless coping, maladaptive, increased psychological distress

39
Q

adaptive coping

A

mixture of emotion and problem- effective if have control over event , context, person, event or emotion- less so if low control

40
Q

factors moderating stress

A

coping, aspects of emotion, individual cognitions, aspects of personality, social support

41
Q

personality influences on health

A

predictive of disease onset, may change due to illness, may promote unhealthy behaviours or influence illness progression or outcomes, and coping

42
Q

neuroticism and stress

A

increased attention to internal states and increased complaints

43
Q

hardiness and stress

A

buffers experiences of stress

44
Q

optimism and stress

A

associated with coping actively and persistently, reduced symptom reporting, reduced negative mood, helps use resources effectively

45
Q

social support is

A

the presence of others in whom one can confide in and expect help and concern from

46
Q

types of social support

A

instrumental, informational, emotional.

47
Q

how SS works

A

facilitates provision of good, services, and mutual defence in times of need and danger- affects how an individual appraises and responds to an event

48
Q

satisfaction/ perceived social support..

A

predicts adaptive coping and better psychological adjustment - stronger than enacted

49
Q

direct effect hypothesis of social support

A

SS is generally beneficial regardless of amount of stress- it makes people less susceptible to stress in the first place

50
Q

buffering hypothesis of social support

A

the health benefits and mental health benefits of social support are evident during period of high stress- when there is little stress social support may have few health benefits

51
Q

social support results in..

A

greater sense of belongingness and self esteeme, reduces blood pressure through pos appraisals and emotions, enhanced endocrine or immune system

52
Q

effects of SS on psychological distress

A

lower depression, anxiety, likelihood of illness, and risk of death from illness
increased speed of recovery, and coherence to medical regimens

53
Q

dyadic coping

A

mutual influences on coping in close relationships- can hinder or help eg. too much support can be intrusive

healthpsy223 (7 decks)

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