WEEK 2 - Health Models

Question 1

Learning & Cognitive Theory

Answer 1

looks at learning theories and cognition by exploring how people think/act and is used to design campaigns 4 changing health behaviour

Question 2

cognitive learning theory uses… to change behaviour

Answer 2

positive reinforcement, incentives, modelling, classical conditioning and exposure

Question 3

social cognition theory-steps to develop intervention based on TPB(Sutton 2002)

Answer 3

1. identify target pop & behaviour
2. identify most salient beliefs about behaviour
3. conduct study using closed Qs to determine which beliefs are best predictors of intention
4. analyse data to determine beliefs that discriminate intenders from non
5. develop intervention

Question 4

three types of health behaviours- Kasi and Cobb (1966)

Answer 4

Health behaviour, illness behaviour, sick role behaviour

Question 5

health behaviour (K&C)

Answer 5

aims to prevent disease

Question 6

illness behaviour (K&C)

Answer 6

aims to seek remedy

Question 7

sick role behaviour (K&C)

Answer 7

aims at getting well

Question 8

health behaviours defined by maturazzo (1984)

Answer 8

health impairing habits and health protective behaviours

Question 9

health beliefs…

Answer 9

are key predictors of behaviour & powerful forces that affect our health and capacity to heal

Question 10

four types of health beliefs

Answer 10

attributions
risk perception
motivation & self determination
self efficacy

Question 11

attributions

Answer 11

individuals are motivated to see their social world as predictable and controllable- there is a need to understand causality

Question 12

locus of casuality

Answer 12

internal/external

Question 13

locus of stability

Answer 13

stable/unstable

Question 14

two basic dimensions of attribution

Answer 14

locus of causality

locus of stability

Question 15

locus of control

Answer 15

individuals differ as to whether they tend to regard events as controllable by them (internal) or uncontorllanle (external)

Question 16

risk perception

Answer 16

relates to sense of whether or not they are susceptile to only health problems- some over estimate some under

Question 17

motivation and determination

Answer 17

core to exploring health behaviours- refers to autonomus motivations which relate 2 engaging in behaviours that fufil personally relevent goals

Question 18

self efficacy

Answer 18

bandura- closly related to feeliing confident in ones ability to engage in any given behaviour

Question 19

3 types of belief models

Answer 19

1. stage models
2. social cognition models
3. intergrated

Question 20

stages of change model (SOC)

Answer 20

1. precontemplation
2. contemplation
3. preperation
4. action
5. maitenence
   not always linear

Question 21

precontemplation

Answer 21

not intending to change

Question 22

contemplation

Answer 22

considering a chnagre

Question 23

preperation

Answer 23

making small change

Question 24

action

Answer 24

activly engaging in a new behaviour

Question 25

maitenence

Answer 25

sustaining change overtime

Question 26

health action process approach

Answer 26

emphasises SE and attempts to predict intentions and actual behaviours- motivational stage and action stage components

Question 27

motivational stage components

Answer 27

self efficacy, outcome expectancies, threat appraisal

Question 28

action stage components

Answer 28

voltitional cogntive aspect, the action plan and an action control mechanism

Question 29

health promotion

Answer 29

any event process or activity that facilitates the protection/improvement of health status

Question 30

two aspects of health promotion

Answer 30

1. behaviour change (individual) 2. public health intervention (community)

Question 31

health belief model - rosenstock

Answer 31

health behaviour is a result of a set of core beliefs

• susceptibility to illness
• severity
• costs involved
• benefits
• cues to action (may be internal)

Question 32

Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)- Rogers

Answer 32

added fear as an emotional component into the understanding of health behaviours

• severity
• susceptibility
• response effectivness
• fear
• self efficacy

Question 33

Theory of Planned Behaviour

Answer 33

Emphasises behavioural intentions as the outcome of a combination of several beliefs- propses that intentions should be conceptualised as plans of action and as a result of attitude towards a behaviour

Question 34

TPB- 3 factors predict behavioural intentions

Answer 34

attitude towards a behaviour, subjective norm, percieved behavioural control

Question 35

attitude towards a behaviour,

Answer 35

a pos or neg evalution of a particular behaviour and its outcome

Question 36

subjective norm

Answer 36

perception of social norms and presures to perform a behaviour

Question 37

percieved behavioural control

Answer 37

a belief that an individual can carry out a particular behaviour based upon consideration of control factors related to past behaviours

Question 38

COM-B - intergrated model

Answer 38

capability, opporunity (physical/social), motivation = behaviour