WEEK 6: Ch: 8,9 Flashcards
Personality disorder
stable, enduring patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that emerge around adolescence or early adulthood that derive from one’s cultural norms that are pervasive and inflexible.
DSM-5 Personality Disorders
1-Schizoid
2-Schizotypal
3-Paranoid
4-Antisocial
5-Borderline
6-Histrionic
7-Narcissistic
8-Avoidant
9-Dependent
10-Obsessive compulsive
Schizoid symptoms?
detachment from social relationships and limited expression of emotions within personal relationships. Individuals prefer to be alone.
Schizotypal symptoms?
social detachment but also extreme discomfort with any relationships. Odd thinking and superstitious beliefs. (paranormal, bizarre experiences)
Paranoid symptoms?
Shares feature with schizoid and schizotypal but are characterized with strong suspicions of others. Individuals think that others will harm them for no reason.
Antisocial symtomps?
tendency to disregard or violate others rights. Individuals are very deceitful, repeatedly lying and conning others for personal gain. Aggressive, irresponsible, and reckless.
Borderline symptoms?
Instability with one’s own image and relationship with others. Love-hate relationship with others worries about being abundant. pattern of self-harming
Histrionic symptoms?
exaggerated display of emotions, needs to be center of attention, use their physical appearance to seduce people, easily influenced by others considers casual relationships much closer.
Narcissistic symptoms?
consider yourself superior and deserving the admiration of others, lack of concern for others needs arrogant style aspire successful people.
Avoidant symptoms?
social inhibition, shyness, feelings of inadequacy, and oversensitivity.Fear of criticism and rejection.
Dependent
excessive need to be taken care of, submissive clinging behavior, and fear of separation.
Obsessive compulsive
preoccupation with orderliness, perfection and control. Preoccupied with details, workaholic, and inflexible with time schedules.
Cluster for classifying DSM-5 disorders
1-Cluster A (odd, eccentric)
2-Cluster B (dramatic, erratic)
3-Cluster C (anxious, fearful)
Cluster A
Schizoid, schizotypal and paranoid disorders strange or unusual.
Cluster B
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic are impulsive and unstable.
Cluster C
avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are motivated by anxiety and fear.
Problems of DSM-5 Disorders
1- Symptoms overlap
2-symptoms don’t go together they may be unrelated
3-clusters don’t match the factor analysis
4- personality disorder should be seen as continue not category.
New System for Disorders?
A new system has been offered for further discussion but hasn’t been accepted yet. It includes: Impaired personality dysfunction, presence of pathological personality traits.
Impaired personality Dysfunction
Identity problems:
- lack of knowledge about your identity, identifying someone’s personality as yours, concerned of being independent from others.
-unstable self-esteem
-unable to regulate emotions
Self-direction problems:
-unable to set realistic goals
-lacking standards for behaving prosocially and missing opportunities
-unable to reflect constructively on experiences.
Interpersonal problems (empathy, intimacy)
Empathy:
-unable to understand experiences or emotions of others.
-unable to see other’s perspectives
-has a little understanding of how behaviors effect others.
Intimacy:
-lacking positive sustained relationship with others
-unable to engage in close relationships
-unable to cooperate with others.
The new system has recognized 25 personality traits which are under 5 categories.
1-Negative affectivity
: intense and frequent experience of negative emotions.
2-Detachment: withdrawal from social interactions
3-Antagonism: acting in ways to create difficulties for others
4-Disinhibition: behaving on impulse without thinking the consequences
5-Psychoticism: unusual bizarre thoughts and perceptions.
Validity of the test
High convergent low discriminant validity.
Treatment of the disorders?
1-Psychotherapy
2-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
3-Dialectical behavioral therapy: for borderline disorder make them aware of the emotions
4-Psychobiological treatment
5- Treatment of antisocial disorder: tend to act as if they are cured. Make their own self-interest to avoid exploring other people.
Are spouses similar in personality
1- There is a slight correlation of spouses being similar only for the honesty humility scale
Marital satisfaction:
Higher marital satisfaction is associated with high emotional stability, agreeableness and conscientiousness.
Are friends similar in personality?
Only similar for honesty-humility and openness to experience.
-Friends think they are more similar to each other than what they actually are.
Kids theory of (popular, rejected,neglected ,controversial )
popular-high sociability, low aggression
rejected: high agression, low sociability
neglected: low aggression low sociability
controversial: high aggression, high sociability
-Sociability is linked to being liked, aggressiveness is linked to being disliked.
Adults theory:
Popular adults: high extraversion, low honesty-humility, low openness to experience, low agreeableness.
Likability: high agreeableness, high emotionality
Personality-Health
Longevity: low consciousness levels sooner death ( moderate level)
Substance abuse- consciountesness
traits related to consciousness (self-discipline, impulse control) predşctive for drug abuse.
note: cannabis is related to openness to experience
Heart disease and A-type personality
people with keen, ambitious disposition who move at full speed are more likely to suffer from heart disease.
This is A-type personality: competitive, impatient, excessive job involvement etc.
Achievements and personality
Conscientiousness has the highest correlation with academic performance. In elementary school other HEXACO factors are also related upon high school only conscientiousness.
Job performance-personality
People with higher conscieountusness and high emotional income tend to have a slighter more income (weak correlation)
Integrity test
self-report questionnaire that is meant to asses job performance.
Overt-test
applicant’s dishonest and counterproductive behavior history.
Gottherdson-Hirschi tehory
Self-control is what separates people from being a criminal or not. Impulsive risk-taking is one of the characteristics to measure.
What are the 2 types of criminals
1-Primary psychopathy
2-secondary psychopathy
Primary psychopathy
Manipulation,deceit, grandiosity, callousness and selfishness
Secondary psychopathy
impulsivity, irresponsibility lack of planning, poor self control
1. manipulative, conning style of interaction
2-colossus insensitivity to others concerns
3-erratic impulsive lifestyle
4-pattern of anti-social behavior
What is the dirk triad
1-Psychopathy (conscientiousness,emotional stability)
2-Machiavellianism (low agreeableness)
3- narcissism (high extraversion)
-all have negative correşation with honesty-humility,
