week 6 Flashcards
sensory memory (SM)
to create coherent perception
- very brief
persistence of vision
the continued perception of a visual stimulus after it is no longer present
sperling’s experiment
- whole report method: report as many letter that were shown (4,5/12)
- partial report method: letter in a single 4 letter row and high, medium and low pitched noise after the letters were shown (3,3/4)
- delayed partial report method: same as before, but with a delayed tone (1/4)
–> conclusion: SM registers almost of the information but decays
ionic memory/visual icon
brief sensory memory for visual stimuli
echoic memory
the persistence of sound
short term memory (STM)
stores small amount for a brief period (4-7 items)
digit span
the number of digits a person can remember
change detection
determine what has changed between 2 pictures
chunking
small units –> larger meaningful units
–> increases our ability to hold information in the STM
semantic code
based on one word in chunking
long term memory (LTM)
- a network that links concepts in memory
- retrieving one thing –> triggers other
- some connections are stronger than others
- incomplete retrieval –> if you can not access a concept but retrieve others (tip-of-the-tongue)
declaritive (explicit)
memories that can be consciously accessed and be declared
- episodic
- semantic
non-declaritive (implicit)
memories that cannot be consciously accessed
- procedural: skills
- perceptual representation system: perceptual priming
- classical conditioning
- non-associative learning: habituation sensitization
amnesia
memory loss
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new memories
retrograde amnesia
inability to retrieve memories from the past
HM
surgically removal of hippocampus areas to alleviate epilepsy –> complete anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia
hippocampus
- encoding information into declarative LTM
effective rehearsal strategies
- spacing (time between practice)
- elaborative rehearsal: meaningful rehearsing
- creating visual images
optimize retrieval: - retrieval context is similar to encoding context
- test yourself
mnemonic devices
- categorical dusting
- interactive images
- pegword system
- method of loci
- acronym
- acrostic
- keyword system
categorical dusting
organize a list of items
interactive images
link the isolated words
legword system
association and form an interactive image
method of loci
link landmarks to items
acronym
a word of 1st letter of words
acrostic
form a sentence
keyword system
link the sound of the words to familiar words
attentional blink
participant usually miss the second target that looks different
lateral intra parietal area (LIP)
responds to external sensory stimuli and motor response
- salience map
salience map
where only the location of the most behaviorally relevant stimuli are encoded
