WEEK 6- 11 ethnography and participants observation

Question 1

political ethnography characteristics

Answer 1

1. direct observation of phonomena in their natural environment
2. researcher is embedded first-hand observer for an extended period of time
3. qualitative assesments
4. theory generaging and testing

Question 2

key steps of ethnography

Answer 2

1. case selection (usually single case)
2. access to research site - sampling of informants

Question 3

observers role dimensions 2

Answer 3

1. overt- covert
2. participant (active) -observer (passive)

Question 4

overt observer

Answer 4

participants know there’s an observer, but the researcher doesn’t get involved

might lead to reactivity

Question 5

covert observer

Answer 5

the purpose of and their identity research isn’t disclosed (difficult in a small group)

Question 6

participant covert

Answer 6

participant going native
minimizes reactivity
active involvement may lead to bias

Question 7

participant overt

Answer 7

participant observer- the identity and purpose of the researcher are know, and the particiapting role is minimized.
ethically more acceptable

Question 8

ethics of ethnography

Answer 8

informed consent for voluntary participation (covert is not possible)
privacy (access to the data), replication with permission

Question 9

trustworthieness criteria by lincoln and guba

Answer 9

1. internal validity => credebility (depth of notes, triangulation, negative case analysis, member checks)
2. external validity => transferability (thick description that allows for contextualization)
3. reliability => dependability
4. objectivity => confirmability
   => both can be assesed by the control of field notes by a third party

Question 10

kelsall (2005) case selection

Answer 10

doesn’t give much reason to the case selection- external validity

Question 11

kelsall (2005) data collection

Answer 11

hearings were public, but he still named names etc.

Question 12

kelsall (2005) role of the observer

Answer 12

participant observer (overt)

Question 13

kelsall (2005) analysis

Answer 13

descriptive examples, quotes, and interpretations of meanings, reactions of audience

Question 14

kelsall (2005) generalization

Answer 14

falls short