WEEK 3- 5.1 research ethics Flashcards
when science goes wrong- harm to participants example?
stanley milgram
zimbardo prison
what’s the background of the milgram study?
how do people blindly follow orders like eichmann in the holocaust
what was the cover story for milgram?
“learning by punishment”
what was the cover story for milgram?
“learning by punishment”
what was milgram’s hypothesis?
individuals will obey requests by authority even if it’s unethical
people in the milgram study?
- experimenter: confederate
- teacher: participant
- larner: confederate
* teacher is told these roles are randomly assigned
what was the main result of the milgram study?
2/3 of participants continued until max level
what’s the background of the stanford prison experiment?
behaviours are more shaped by the situation, and assigned roles rather than personality
procedure of the stanford prison experiment
two week prison simulation with random assignment
results of the stanford prison experiment
spinned out of control and was terminated after 6 days, and 1/3 of guards exhibited sadistic tendencies
fraud with fake data example
- michael lacour- are gay people more convincing about gay marriage- added fake data to existing data
- diederik stapel- psychologist
research ethics are relevant at all stages of resesarch…
1. data collection and storage
2. data analysis
3. acamdemic writing
- data collection and storage: risks, privacy and fraud prevention
- data analysis: transperancy and replication
- academic writing: plagiarism
three basic principles of research ethics
- do no harm- benefits must outweigh the risks
- voluntary participation-informed consent
- protection of privacy and confidentiality
ethics in data collection, and interaction with data sources
informed (or implied) consent
- topic and nature of the questions
- purpose and goal
- use of information
- freedom to stop
- permission to use data
- risks involed
further considerations to informed consent?
- competence and comprehension? marginalized and vulnerable populations (prisoners or children)
- incentives?
- unobtrusive observation
- experimental manipulation
2 types of experimental manipulation
concealment- hiding
deception-lying
privacy, and confidentiality, different types of data
- public information (on record)
- confidential - best the researcher can promise
- anonymous (no confidentiality issues addressed)
- don’t make promises you can’t keep
behaviour of researcher
behaviour of researcher
- avodiing bias
- incorrect reporting
- inappropritate use of information
behaviour of sponsor
restrictions imposed by the sponsor
the misuse of info
formal review of research projects
institutional review board (USA)
Ethics Committee (leiden)
more formal rules for documentation and archiving
1. pre registration: a researcher publicly disclosing and registering the research
2. EU general data protection regulation: rules which protect the rights of individuals
3. data access and resarch transperancy: a committee that issues guidelines on how researchers should make their data available for research purposes.
what’s DART (data acces and research transpernacy)?
a committee which issues guidelines on how researchers should make their data available for replication purposes.
