WEEK 4 L8.1 surveys

Question 1

survey challenges about measurement

process

Answer 1

• measuremet validity
• measurement reliability

concept construct => measurement => collect responses

Question 2

survey challenges about representation

process

Answer 2

• coverage of pop.
• sampling error (during the selection of respondents- does it introduce a systematic bias)
• non response (are those who don’t respond from a specific group)

target population => sampling frame => sample => responents

Question 3

types of surveys

Answer 3

1. cross sectional: they give you a cross section of the population in one time frame ‘snapshot’ can only allow statistical control
2. longtidunial: surveys a population at two or more time periods, and there are 4 versions of that
   a. cohort
   b. panel
   c. rolling cross section
   d. trend study

Question 4

cohort and panel studies are a subcategory of (..) studies

Answer 4

longtidunial

Question 5

longtidunial cohort study

Answer 5

the same survey is conducted several times each time with a different sample (pooling cross sectional time series)

Question 6

longtidunial panel survey

Answer 6

when the same participants are questioned at multiple time periods, a cross-lagged causal analysis
- clearly measure changes over time

Question 7

longtidunial rolling cross section

Answer 7

starting with a very large cross-sectional sample, but instead of interviewing responents at the same time, the interviews are spread out. every day a small subset from the full sample are interviewed.
captures dynamic changes and trends.

Question 8

disadvantages of rolling cross sectional

Answer 8

lots of time and money required

Question 9

types of longtidunial surveys

Answer 9

1. cohort (pooled cross sectional)
2. panel survey (crossed lagged causal analysis)
3. rolling cross section (dynamic changes)
4. trend study (aggregated time series)

Question 10

longtidunial trend study

what makes it different?

Answer 10

in the first three types, you still have responses from individual responses, in trend study, you only take aggregate outcomes from seperate polls.

Question 11

unethical polls

Answer 11

push poll- purpose is persuasion
frugging and sugging- survey is a marketing tool

Question 12

difference between cohort, and panel

Answer 12

in cohort, a new sample is drawn every time (rs is written), you can’t track individual changes, but you can observe changes at the aggregate level.
in panel, you only do random selection once (the same people are interviewed repeatedly)

Question 13

age-period-cohort models

Answer 13

tthey can disentangle age effects from period affects, and from cohort effects.

like from young vs. old
critical events that influence everyone
attitudes tied to a specific birth cohort like milennials etc.

Question 14

which type of survey allows for cross time lagged causal analysis?

Answer 14

longtidunial panels

Question 15

(1) allows for individual level analysis
(2) allows for conclusions about groups of people

Answer 15

1: panel
2: cohort

Question 16

how are surveys in terms of internal validity?

Answer 16

Given the correlational design, these tests are not conclusive, and therefore weak in terms of internal validity.
Alternative explanations can only be controlled by adding them as an additional variables to a statistical analysis
Panel surveys are an exception to this.

Question 17

some possible issues that may arise in questionaires

Answer 17

length shouldnt be too much
it shouldn’t cause reactivity- it should just measure
response scales- neutral points or dont know
question order, and wording

Question 18

which types of questions should be avoided in questionaires

Answer 18

vague, acronyms, leading, negative, double barred questions, loaded items

Question 19

some solutions to bias in questionaires?

Answer 19

1. randomizing question order and wording
2. balanced questions
3. pilot study- pre testing
4. monitoring and verifying

Question 20

option with very high/ high costs

Answer 20

interviewer
face to face capi, phone, cati or tde

Question 21

what’s the cheapest option survey?

Answer 21

self administered
online very cheap, post/mail cheap

Question 22

what’s the speed of face-to-face capi?

Answer 22

low

Question 23

what’s the speed of self-admin. post/mail?

Answer 23

low

Question 24

which survey options are quick?

Answer 24

phone cati or tde
online

Question 25

what ranks high in terms of control?

Answer 25

face-to-face is very high
phone is high

low for self-admin (post/mail and online)

Question 26

interviewer effects are high for?

Answer 26

face to face capi, and phone capi, tde (interviewer), and low for self-admin.

Question 27

how’s coverage for interviewer surveys?

Answer 27

good for face to face, not everyone can be reached by phone (can cause systematic bias- but we can use random digit dialing)

Question 28

how to deal with selecion bias for phone surveys?

Answer 28

random digit dialing

Question 29

how’s coverage for post/mail and online?

Answer 29

mail is good
online is biased (systematic bias)

Question 30

which has the best response rate?

Answer 30

low/ high for face to face