week 6 Flashcards
types of wax (4)
- firm wax
- medium wax
- soft wax
- lip wax
used as a wound filler; can be used to fill large cavities or to model basic facial feature shapes
firm wax
used to give final form and shape to facial features
medium wax
used to recreate skin texture or delicate facial features
soft wax
soft wax usually tinted for mucous membranes or to bring line of closure to mouth
lip wax
- soften wax by the heat of your hand, add cosmetic and mix together.
- soften by mixing with massage cream, petroleum jelly, the cosmetic itself, or applying heat such as a hair dryer
soften and coloring wax
adding talcum powder or corn starch or cooling the wax
hardening wax
other media to use to form shape of features
-clay, latex, silicone, paper cache, cotton, collodion
most important phrase you will ever hear in restorative art is
“clean, firm, dry”
-nothing can be done until all 3 conditions have been met
a discoloring caused by a foreign matters, cannot be removed by embalming
stains
any abnormal color in or on the body; can be removed by embalming
discoloration
What does clean mean?
all on surface of the skin; extravascular
can take off the body with soap and water
blood/ paint
can take off the body with rubbing alcohol
adhesives
can take off the body with kerosene
tar/creosote
can take off the body with dawn dishsoap
grease/ oil
can take off the body with bleach
iodine/nictoine residue
can take off the body with acetone, lemon juice
ink
can take off the body with turpentine
oil based paint
intravascular discoloration ; clean continuation
- bleaching agents
- surface compress or hypodermic bleaching
- bleach on skin
bleaching agents include
- cavity fluid
- phenol and alcohol
- preservative gel
- special bleaching fluids
tissues must be solid to apply waxes and other feature building products.
-can be achieved by ; hypodermic injection and/or chemical compress
firm
first achieved by drying the tissues
- removing cotton or towel to remove moisture
- phenol or cavity are excellent cauterants
- sealants (liquid sealer, hobby cement, air aron alpha, nail polish,
dry
actually creates a chemical burn, sealing tissues and preventing further leakage
cauterant
vertical measurement
length
horizontal or transervse measurement
width
the measurement of the extension of any part beyond its surroundings
projection
the second most important view
bilateral form
valuable to compare feature alignment
direct view
one of the most valuable methods; when you work too close to your modeling, perspective is lost.
distance viewing
treatments of a restorative nature performed before the embalming operation
pre-embalming
treatments of a restorative nature performed during the embalming operation
concurrent
treatments of a restorative nature performed after the embalming operation
post-emblaming
a stitch
suture
the thread, cord, or wire used for tying vessels, tissues or bones
ligature
under the skin
subcutaneous
(single/double) hidden subcutaneous, used in visible areas (face)
intra-dermal
used to close long incisions, long bone donation sites (not water tight)
whip
(interupted suture) a temporary suture consisting of individually cut and tied stitches employed to sustain the proper position of tissue
bridge stitch
hidden, draws in swollen tissue
worm/inversion
restorative art sutures
- intra-dermal
- whip
- bridge
- worm/inversion
- baseball
- purse-string
- basket weave suture
- anchor
strongest, double version used on autopsy incisions/decapitations
baseball suture
circular, utilized in gunshots/aspiration punctures
purse string suture
(cross stitch) network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position
basket weave
material or technique employed to secure tissues or restorative materials in a fixed position; an armature
anchor suture
general restorative treatments (3)
- injury
- disease
- post mortem changes
cosmetizing should take care of the red coloration on the skin
first degree burns
puncture blisters, remove loose skin, cauterize tissue with cavity fluid or phenol, wax if necessary, add pores and wrinkles if required cosmetize
second degree burns
puncture blisters, remove loose skin, excise charred tissue, cauterize tissue with cavity fluid or phenol, reduce swelling through pressure, excising, aspiration, or channeling, suture laceration if present, basket weave suture penetrating wounds if present, wax if necessary, add pores and wrinkles, cosmetize
third degree burns
closed casket for this burn
4th degree burns
excise before embalming, don’t interfere with arterial system.
tumors, abscesses and neoplasm pre-emblaming
preserve as much natural skin tissue as possible
tumors, abscesses and neoplasm
pre embalming causes for swelling and distention
- pathological source
- trauma
- decomposition
- improper handling of the body before embalming
- medical procedures to save their life
during or post embalming for swelling and distention
- too much fluid introduced without enough drainage
- excessive massage
- to high pressure or rate of flow
double or triple the strength of the arterial fluid, add dehydrating or hypertonic solution to the mix.
concentrated arterial fluid
raise swollen hands or head above body; fluid will move to a lower portion of the body
gravity
- manually by using your hand and forcing fluid to another portion of the body
- wet cotton compresses placed over swollen areas
- water collar placed around the neck
- electric spatula
external pressure
under eyelid, in mouth and under lip
concealed
visible incision that can be used to drain fluid with gravity, pressure, or wicking
exposed
placing absorbent material, cotton or incision powder, in incision to draw out fluid
wicking
skin slip; sloughing off of epidermis where in there Is a separation of the epidermis from the dermis
-can occur before or after embalming
desquamation
treatment for desquamation
- puncture blisters
- remove loose skin
- cauterize surface with cavity or phenol
- may require a pack for several hours
- once dry, wax and cosmetize
marginal abrasion
grazing
irregular tears in subcutaneous tissue
lacerating
projectile enters the skin
penetrating
projectile exits the skin
perforating
projectile enters and exits the skin and can shatter bone
high velocity projectile
surface treatment, bleaching, compress
pre-embalming
leave open to observe fluid distribution
embalming
excise excessive tissue; clean, firm, dry; suture using various techniques; bleach if necessary; wax and add skin texture ; cosmetize
post embalming
broken bone does not protrude through skin
-retract, reset, and splint if necessary
simple fractures
broken bone does protrude through the skin
-retract, reset, and splint if necessary
compound fractures
- embalm each section separately
- insert dowel rod into foramen magnum and into or adjacent to spinal column
- align head to a natural appearance
- suture any major muscle groups
- utilize filler for missing tissue if necessary
- suture skin
- wax and cosmetize
decapitation process
