Week 1 Flashcards
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
restorative art
classified as those requiring the minimum of effort, skill or time to complete. Some examples include alignment of a bone fracture, reduction of minor swelling, simple lacerations, and bleaching and concealing minor discolorations
minor restorations
include procedures like fracture repair or reconstruction, modeling body features and full head and hair restorations
major restorations
Who were the first to practice restorative art?
Ancient Egyptians
What is restorative art also known as?
Demi-surgery
The art of building or creating parts of the body which had been destroyed by accident, disease, decomposition, or discoloration, and making the body perfectly natural and lifelike; also known as restorative art.
Demi-surgery
Founder of Restorative art
Joseph Crandall
What did Joseph Randall do?
Researched and developed techniques and products
Reasons for restorative art? (3)
- Psychological effect on the family and friends
- professional responsibility
- personal satisfaction
Permission for restorative art (3)
- discuss with family before any major work is done
- written permission should be obtained
- being honest to yourself about the quality of your work
the study of the face and features (specifically the surface of the body
Physiognomy
the study of the change of shape of the face (age progression)
morphology
most common characteristic of each part of a feature (or face)
Norm
a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings
projection
the withdrawal of a feature from its normal position
recession
a hollow or concave region
depression
the state of being thrust forward or projection
protrusion
exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface
concave
curved evenly, resembling the outer edge of a sphere
convex
correspondence in size and shape and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face
symmetry
lack of symmetry, balance or proportion
Asymmetry
slope, deviation from the horizontal or vertical ; oblique
inclination
How do skull shapes vary?
by race, gender and age
how is skin color related to blood?
Blood is in the surface capillaries and skin pigments
Where are melanin pigments?
in the epidermis and hair
a condition that results if a person lacks these pigments
albinism
bones of the head and face functions (4)
- protect the brain
- support the jaw
- serves as attachment for muscles
- gives form to the head
differences of male and female skulls (6)
- Male cranial mass is more blocky and massive compared to female which is more rounded and tapers at the top
- female supraorbital margin is sharper while the males is rather round and dull
- zygotmatic bone is more pronounced on the male skull
- mandible of a female is more rounded while males is squared
- males have deeper cranial mass
- superciliary arch is large and pronounced in the male
bones of the cranium (4)
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
lowest part of the back of the base of the cranium, forming the cradle of the brain. Articulates with the parietal bone at the lambdoidal suture and the temporal bone at the squamosal suture ; also has foramen magnum
occipital bone
an opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord, spinal arteries and nerves pass
foramen magnum
these bones create the superior portion of the sides and back of the cranium as well as the posterior 2/3 of the roof of the cranium. articulates with the occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture, frontal bone at the coronal suture and the opposite side parietal with the sagittal suture.
-widest part of the cranium; highest part of parietal is the vertex of the head
parietal bones
comprises the inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium. located inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone. articulates with the parietal bone at the squamosal suture, occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
temporal bones
thin superior part of the temporal bone
squama
opening of the ear passage in front of the mastoid process
external auditory meatus
a long thin arched process extending anteriorly from the squama to the zygomatic bone. determines widest part of the face
zygomatic arch
rounded projection of the interior portion of the temporal bone just medial to the lobe of the ear
mastoid process
small oval depression or socket on the underside of the temporal bone
mandibular fossa
the anterior 1/3 of the cranium forming the forehead and part of the eye sockets and the most anterior of the cranial floor. It makes up the vertical plane of the forehead and the horizontal plane of the crown. it articulates with the partial bones at the coronal suture
frontal bone
rounded prominences on either side of the median line and a little inferior to the center of the frontal bone. Warm area of the face
frontal eminences
superior rim of the eye socket
supraorbital margin
the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the medial ends of the eyebrows
supraciliary arches
an elevation between the supraciliary Aches on the inferior part of the frontal bone immediately above the root of the nose
glabella
bones of the face (4)
- nasal bones
- zygomatic bones
- maxilla
- mandible
these bones lie directly inferior to the glabella. They form the bridge of the nose and the dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity. Articulates each other and the frontal bone to form the root of the nose
nasal bone
diamond shaped bones that form the cheekbones. Located on the frontal and lateral planes of the face. The bones form part of the inferior and lateral surfaces of the orbital cavity. Articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
widest part of the face is measured by a straight line from the midpoint of one zygomatic bone to the midpoint of the opposite zygomatic bone
zygotmatic bones.
the bones of the upper jaw. skeletal base for most of the superior portion of the face, anterior portion of the mouth, sides and floor of the nasal cavity and the floor of the eye orbits. articulates with each other, forming the nasal spine, a small bony process at the base of the nose.
maxilla bones
the sharp bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity
nasal spine of the maxilla
bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth
alveolar process
the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises to meet the frontal bone
frontal process of maxilla
horseshoe shaped bone forming the lower jaw; consists of body and ramus
mandible
a triangular projection on the inferior of the anterior mandible
body- mental eminence
bony ridge found on the inferior maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains sockets for the teeth
body - alveolar process
thin flat process projecting from the anterior portion of the upper ramus
ramus ; coronoid process
round prominence that articlulates with the temporal bone
ramus ; mandibular condyle
