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Repro > Week 5.0 - Female reproductive tract > Flashcards

Week 5.0 - Female reproductive tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gubernaculum?

A
  • Structure in both males and females which tethers the gonads to the labialscrotal folds
  • Becomes round ligament of uterus in women
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2
Q

Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage of the ovary

A
  • Arterial supply directly from abdominal aorta

- Venous drainage R ovarian vein -> IVC L ovarian vein -> L renal vein -> IVC

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3
Q

Name the parts of the uterus

A
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Cervix
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4
Q

Which part of the uterus can be palpated during pregnancy?

A

-Fundus

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5
Q

Name the pouches of the pelvis, relative to the uterus

A
  • Uterovesicle pouch anteriorly

- Rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas) posteriorly

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6
Q

Why are the peritoneal pouches of clinical significance?

A

-Fluid can collect here

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7
Q

Describe the descent of the ovary

A
  • Gonads develop within urogenital ridge on posterior abdominal wall
  • Descend through abdomen behind peritoneum
  • Stop in the pelvis as physically obstructed by developing paramesonephric ducts
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8
Q

Describe the development of the uterus and uterine tubes

A
  • Paramesonephric ducts begin to develop and they open into the peritoneum cranially and attached to the urogenital sinus caudally
  • In the absence of MIH they ducts grow towards each other and fuse in the midline
  • This forms the uterus which is covered by broad transverse fold of peritoneum as it pulls it with it
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9
Q

What is the broad ligament? Describe its sections

A
  • Mesentery of the uterus, uterine tube and ovary which attaches them to the side walls and floor of the pelvis
  • Formed by a transverse fold of peritoneum which contains the uterine tubes and ovarian vessels
  • Mesometrium is the section covering the uterus
  • Mesosalpinx is the section covering the uterine tube
  • Mesovarium is the segment covering the ovary
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10
Q

Why is it important that the broad ligament is mobile?

A

-Allows mobility so ovary catches gamete

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11
Q

What is the round ligament?

A
  • Remnant of the gubernaculum
  • Attaches ovary to labia majora via the inguinal canal
  • Round ligament of the ovary from ovary to reflect of sidewall of uterus where it becomes round ligament of uterus
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12
Q

In which ligament are the uterine vessels?

A

-Broad ligament

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13
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A
  • Fold of peritoneum which extends from the ovary to the side wall of the pelvis (extension of broad ligament)
  • Contains ovarian vessels, nerves and lymphatics
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14
Q

In what position does the uterus lie?

A
  • Anteverted (with respect to vagina)

- Anteflexed (with respect to cervix)

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15
Q

Name the sections of the uterine tube

A
  • Abdominal ostium
  • Fimbrae
  • Infundibulum
  • Ampulla
  • Isthmus
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16
Q

What is the function of the uterine tube?

A
  • Conduct the oocyte into uterine cavity

- Site of fertilisation

17
Q

Why is it significant that the lining of the uterine tube is different to the lining of the uterine cavity?

A

-Ectopic implantation can lead to severe haemorrhage due to lack of decidual cells to monitor implantation and closely associated with many vessels

18
Q

Why is it clinically significant that the peritoneal cavity is open to the vagina?

A

-Spread of infection

19
Q

Describe the main features of the cervix

A
  • Internal os
  • Endocervical canal
  • External os
  • Anterior, posterior and lateral fornices
20
Q

How is the pouch of douglas accessed?

A

-Through the posterior fornix (culdocentesis)

21
Q

What is the main support of the pelvic viscera?

A
  • Transverse cervical ligament -> tickening at base of broad ligament to give the viscera lateral stability
  • Uterosacral ligament-> opposes pull of round ligament and assists in maintaining anteversion
22
Q

Name the main arteries supplying the female internal genitalia

A
  • Ovarian artery (br abdo aorta)
  • Uterine artery (ant Internal iliac)
  • Vaginal artery
  • Internal Pudendal artery (ant internal iliac)
  • Many anastamoses between arteries to ensure rich vascular supply
23
Q

Describe the anatomical relationship between the ureter and the uterine vessels
Why is this clinically significant?

A
  • The ureter passes posteriorly to the uterine arteries

- Important in a hysterectomy not to ligate the ureter

24
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the uterus

A

-aortic (fundus), external and internal iliac nodes (body), sacral nodes and inguinal nodes (cervix)
(reflects everything it passes during development)

25
Q

What is the lympatic drainage of the ovary?

A

-Paraaortic nodes

26
Q

What glands are within the vestibule of the vagina?

A
  • Greater vestibular glands (bartholin glands)

- Lesser vestibular glands

27
Q

Name two common clinical problems occuring with greater vestibular glands

A
  • Bartholinitis

- Bartholin gland cyst

28
Q

What is a cervical fornix?

A

-Recess of vagina around the cervix

29
Q

Describe the innervation of the uterus and vagina

A
  • Inferior 1/5 vagina recieves somatic innvervation from pudendal nerve
  • Superior 4/5 vagina and uterus receives innervation from uterovaginal plexus
30
Q

What is the pelvic pain line? What is its clinical significance during child birth?

A
  • Anything touched by the peritoneum is said to be above the pelvic pain line anything inferior is below
  • Above pain fibres are carried by lumbar splanchnics and below pain fibres are carried by sacral splanchnics along with pudendal nerve which innervates external genitalia
  • Pudendal nerve block = external genitalia only -> birth canal pain still present
  • Epidural = will numb everything below pelvic pain line -> uterus above ppl so will still feel contractions
  • Spinal block will stop all feeling
31
Q

Describe the innveration of the perineum

A

-Pudendal nerve and ilioiguinal nerve

32
Q

Describe the course and distribution of pudendal nerve

A
  • Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
  • Enters perineum by lesser sciatic foramen
  • Travels through pudendal canal

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