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Repro > Week 4.0 - Male Reproductive tract > Flashcards

Week 4.0 - Male Reproductive tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

-A cutaneous sac developed from labioscrotal folds which contains the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord (first part)

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2
Q

Describe the layers of the testis

A
  • Tunica Albuginea
  • Tunica Vaginalis
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Cremastic muscle and fascia
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Dartos
  • Skin
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3
Q

How are the testis organised?

A

-Lobules of seminiferous tubules divided by fibrous septae

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4
Q

Describe the descent of the testis

A
  • Gonads develop on urogenital ridge on posterior abdominal wall
  • Descend behind the peritoneum through the abdomen
  • Take an oblique passageway across anterior abdominal wall, following processes vaginalis, forming inguinal canal
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5
Q

Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage of the testis

A
  • Arterial supply is directly from abdominal aorta

- Venous drainage R testicular vein to IVC, L testicular vein to L renal vein then L IVC

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6
Q

What connects the lobules of seminiferous tubules and the epididymis?

A

-Rete testis and efferent ductules

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7
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain?

A
  • Testicular A, cremasteric A, artery to vas deferens,
  • Pampiniform plexus
  • Genital nerve (from genitofemoral nerve)
  • Lymphatics
  • Ductus deferens
  • Processus Vaginalis
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8
Q

Where is the spermatic cord?

A

-From the deep inguinal ring to posterior border of testis via inguinal canal and superficial inguinal ring

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9
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus?

A
  • Sophisticated venous drainage of the testis
  • > acts as a heat exchanger as arterial blood passes into testis at core body temp but spermatogenesis is optimal at a few degrees lower -> venous drainage wraps arouns artery to allow heat to dissipate
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10
Q

Where is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?

A

-Transversalis fascia

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11
Q

Where is the cremasteric muscle and fascia derived from?

A

-Internal oblique and transversalis fascia

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12
Q

Where is the external spermatic fascia derived from?

A

-Aponeurosis of external oblique

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13
Q

Define hydrocoele

A

-Swelling in the scrotum caused by serous fluid in tunica vaginalis

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14
Q

Define Haematocoele

A

-Swelling in the scrotum causes by blood in tunica vaginalis

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15
Q

Define varicocoele

A

-Varicosities of pampiniform plexus

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16
Q

Define spematocoele

A

-Epididymal cyst

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17
Q

What is epididymitis?

A

-Inflammation of the epididymis often caused by STI

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18
Q

How do you determine between hydrocoele and haematocoele?

A
  • Transillumination
  • White light = hydrocoele
  • Pink light = haematocoele
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19
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A
  • Outpocketing of bowel which has pushed through the anterior abdominal wall
  • Direct through hesselbachs triangle
  • Indirect through deep inguinal ring -> inguinal canal
20
Q

What is the predisposing developmental factor to an indirect hernia?

A

-Reopening of processus vaginalis allowing communication between peritoneal cavity and scrotum

21
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

-Twisting of the testicles usually above the upper pole -> risk of necrosis

22
Q

Describe the innervation to the testis

A
  • Anterior = lumbar plexus

- Posterior/inferior = sacral plexus

23
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the testis and scrotum

A
  • Testis drains to paraaortic nodes

- Scrotum drains to superficial inguinal nodes

24
Q

Describe the course of the ductus deferens

A
  • Ascends from the testes in spermatic cord
  • Traverses inguinal canal
  • Tracks around pelvic side wall
  • Passes between ureter and bladder
  • Forms dilated ampulla
  • Opens into ejaculatory duct
25
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A

-Outpuching of ductus deferens forming a glandular structure which secretes important ejaculate components

26
Q

What forms the ejaculatory ducts?

A

-seminal vesicles combining with ductus deferens on both sides form one duct within prostate

27
Q

What is the prostate?

A

-A fibromuscular gland which secretes components of ejaculate

28
Q

Describe the anatomical relationships at the base of the prostate

A

-combines with neck of bladder

29
Q

Describe the anatomical relationships at the apex of the prostate

A

-Attaches to urethral sphincter and perineal muscles

30
Q

Describe the anatomical relationships at the anterior of the prostate

A

-Attaches to urethral sphincter

31
Q

Describe the anatomical relationships at the posterior of the prostate

A

-Attaches to ampulla of rectum

32
Q

Describe the structural organisation of the prostate

A

-Organised into central, transitional and peripheral zones

33
Q

Describe the origins of the zones of the prostate

A
  • Central zone from wolffian ducts

- Peripheral zone from UGS

34
Q

Describe Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and its symptoms

A
  • Proliferation of the central zone of prostate, often causing obstruction of the internal urethral orifice
  • Dysuria, nocturia and urgency
35
Q

Which part of the prostate do malignancies often affect? Why is this clinially significant?

A
  • Peripheral zones

- Present later as has to get very large before it affects micturition

36
Q

How does prostatic malignancy often spread?

A
  • Lymphatics via internal iliac and sacral nodes

- Venous routes via internal vertebral plexus to vertebrae and brain

37
Q

What two characteristics are assessed during DRE?

A

-Size and consistency of prostate

38
Q

Describe the internal structure of the penis

A
  • Pair of corpora cavernosa dorsally

- Single corpus spongiosum ventrally

39
Q

Through which part of the penis does the urethra pass?

A

-Corpus spongiosum

40
Q

Which arteries supply the penis and perineum?

A

-Branches of internal pudendal (which is branch of anterior internal iliac)

41
Q

Which muscles are the main contributors to the male perineum?

A
  • Bulbospongiosus

- Ischiocavernosus

42
Q

What is the function of bulbospongiosus in males?

A

-Wraps around root of penis to help expel last drops of urine and maintain erection

43
Q

What is the function of ischiocavernosus in males?

A

-Compress the veins and therefore help maintain the erection

44
Q

Which is the least distensible part of the male urethra? Why? Why is this clinically significant?

A
  • Membranous
  • Confined by peritoneum and perineal floor
  • Likely to meet resistance here during passage of catheter
45
Q

Name the peritoneal pouch in the male

A

-Rectovesical pouch

Repro (24 decks)

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