Week 5 - Social cognitive views of learning

Question 1

Observational learning theorist

Answer 1

Bandura

Question 2

Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment

Answer 2

3 groups

1. Rewarded for aggression
2. Punished for aggression
3. Receive no consequences

Question 3

Observational Learning principles

A
R
R
M/R

Answer 3

Attention

• Watching what is going on
• Paying attention to an item/person and the behaviour it exhibits

Retention
- Remember the behaviour that was witnessed

Reproduction

• Reproduce the action
• Physical and mental ability of the individual to copy the behaviour they observed

Motivation/reinforcement

• Direct reinforcement/vicarious reinforcement/self reinforcement
• If there is no reason for imitating the behaviour, then attention, retention, or reproduction will not overcome the lack of motivation.

Question 4

Define Observational Learning

Answer 4

Observational learning is the process of learning by watching the behaviours of others.

Question 5

Factors Influencing Observational Learning

Developmental status

Vicarious consequences

Goal Setting

Model prestige and competence

Outcome expectations

Self-efficacy

Answer 5

Developmental status

• Developmental readiness

E.g. A kindergartner isn’t going to have the skillset required as someone completing algebra. This means that the learner needs to be mentally and physically (developmentally) able to copy someone’s behaviour in order for observational learning to occur

Vicarious consequences

• We’re more likely to imitate a behaviour if we see someone else being rewarded for it

Goal setting
• Learners are more likely to observe someone if they believe it’ll help them achieve their goals

Model prestige and competence
• More likely to imitate someone competent and in a position of authority or power
• That is why corporations hire actors/actresses and sports people to represent their brand because chances are if they’re wearing it, we’re going to want to wear it too

Outcome expectations
• Learners are more likely to copy a behaviour if they know the end result is something they desire

Self-efficacy
We are more likely to observe a model if we think we are capable of performing their behaviour

Question 6

Observational Learning

Classroom Applications

Answer 6

Teacher as a model
• Whatever behaviours you want out of the students, you should model that behaviour as well
• Through that modeling, you are showing them how to perform that behaviour

Peers as models
• Class leaders: Demonstrate appropriate ways to behave and solve a problem
• Pair students who are in need with someone who is more knowledgeable and have them demonstrate how they would solve a particular problem

Reinforce good behaviour

Question 7

What does self-efficacy mean? (week 5, observ. l)

Answer 7

Belief in own capacity to execute behaviours necessary to produce specific outcomes

Question 8

What are the three influences in the Triadic Reciprocal Causation model? (week 5)

Answer 8

Environment, behaviour, and person

Question 9

In Bandura’s Social Cognitive theory, the interaction among personal factors, behaviours and the environment is called:

Answer 9

Triadic reciprocal causation.