Week 3 - Intelligence Flashcards
How is intelligence measured?
Stanford Binet Test
The Stanford-Binet test
Binet and Simon devised the first effective intelligence tests. Binet developed the concept of ‘mental age’
IQ = mental age x 100
chronological age
(Not applicable to adults)
Who created General Intelligence?
Charles Spearman
What is General Intelligence (Charles Spearman)
Charles Spearman saw intelligence as a general mental capacity or ‘g’ or the g factor.
- He noted considerable variability in the way individuals perform on different types of items in intelligence tests.
- He attempted to examine and identify clusters of related abilities. In his studies, Spearman predicted the g factor could predict performance outcomes in many different academic areas.
Spearman’s ideas are sometimes described as a ‘two-factor theory of intelligence’
Provide an explanation of Spearman’s view on intelligence
Single g-factor which represents an individual’s general intelligence across multiple abilities, and that a second factor, s, refers to an individual’s specific ability in one particular area.
Explain the difference between fluid and crystallised intelligence
Fluid intelligence involves our current ability to reason and deal with complex information around us. Crystallised intelligence involves learning, knowledge, and skills.
Who created Fluid and Crystallised intelligence?
Cattell and Horn (1963; 1998)
Explain Fluid and Crystallised Intelligence
Crystalised: is the ability to use learned knowledge and experience.
- Can increase throughout the lifespan - Learned skills and knowledge
Fluid: is the ability to solve new problems, use logic and identify patterns.
- E.g. giving your students a hypothesis and learning how to solve it/work it out
○ To think and act quickly
○ Solve novel problems
○ Reason abstractly
Store short-term memories
For example:
- Younger people experience more fluid intelligence because they can easily solve new problems and learn new ideas faster than those older than them.
- Older people tend to experience more crystallised intelligence because this idea is based around learning through prior knowledge and experience, which older people tend to have more of
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences suggests that there are 9 kinds of human abilities.
- An individual might have strengths or weaknesses in one or several areas.
Create outcomes that are valued by culture, eg; verbal and maths intelligences are important in technological cultures
According to Gardner, there are roughly 8 intelligences. List and describe these.
Linguistic - finding the right words to express meaning
Logical/Mathematical - quantifying things, hypotheses, and proving them
Spatial - visualising in 3D
Bodily-Kinesthetic - co-ordinating mind and body
Musical - sounds: tone, pitch, rhythm
Interpersonal - sensing people’s feelings and motives
Intrapersonal - understanding yourself
Naturalist - understanding living things.
Sternberg’s Triarchic Model of Intelligence
3 types of intelligence
Practical, creative and analytical
Sternberg’s Triarchic Model of Intelligence
Where Gardner was primarily interested in the content of different intelligences, Sternberg was interested in the application.
Individuals seen as more intelligent tend to:
- display their abilities through their ability to learn and process information very rapidly
- respond appropriately in novel situations, and adapt to demands of everyday life by modifying needs and goals
analytic – mental aspects of cognitive activity (metacognition, information-processing skills etc.)
creative – the ability to respond to events in light of previous experience
practical – coping with everyday environments; adapting existing skills
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional intelligence is defined as the “ability to reason about emotions and the capacity to use emotions and emotional knowledge to enhance thought” (Mayer, Roberts, & Barsade, 2008).
Palmer and Stough..Genos model
Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman
- "Recognise, understand and manage our own emotions" - "Recognise, understand and influence the emotions of others" - "In pratical terms, this means being aware that emotions can drive our behaviour and impact people (positively and negatively) and learning how to manage those emotions -both our own and others - especially when we are under pressure"
Emotional intelligence involves skills such as: • empathy • delayed gratification • implies control • persistence
Impacts our:
- Relationships
- Decision making
- Identify opportunities
What is ADHD? Provide one strategy to support students with ADHD in a classroom setting:
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Strategy: setting clear rules and using visual aids
What is the main difference between an intellectual disability and giftedness?
SD
-Standard deviation of an IQ test is about 15, -2% of people score above an IQ of 130 - threshold for giftedness, -2% score below an IQ of 70 - threshold for an intellectual disability.
