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PYB102 > week 5: sensation and perception > Flashcards

week 5: sensation and perception Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

parts of the eye

A 
cornea
pupil
aqueous humour
iris
lens
vitreous humour
retina
fovea
optic nerve
blind spot
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3
Q

what is the retina?

A

the retina is similar to a camera

receives light from the lens and converts it to neural signals for the brain to process

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4
Q

Ganglion cells

A

inside the retinal
Ganglion cells have receptive fields and act as edge detectors. Rods and cones within the ganglion cells are able to pick up contrasts

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5
Q

what is selective focus?

A

the ability to focus on an item and blur the remaining visual information

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6
Q

what is the fovea?

A

the fovea is the exact centre of the visual field where the light rays enter they eye straight along the axis of the eye

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7
Q

what part of the eye has the greatest concentration of photoreceptors?

A

the fovea due to it representing the location the eye is pointing when looking at something

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8
Q

what are the types of photoreceptors?

A

cones

rods

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9
Q

cones photoreceptors

A

colour vision
high acuity (can see detail)
work in bright light
daytime photopic vision

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10
Q

rods photoreceptors

A 
black and white vision
low acuity (ability to see detail)
widely spaced within the retina and more in the peripheral visual field
nighttime vision
night time scotopic vision
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11
Q

what is scotopic vision?

A

vision in low light

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12
Q

what is photopic vision?

A

vision in well lit lighting

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13
Q

visual controlateral arrangement

A

the left visual field of both eyes projects to the right hemisphere of the brain. the right visual fields of both eyes project visual information to the left hemisphere of the brain.

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14
Q

how does visual information travel to the brain?

A

nerve cells travels from the controlateral eye over the optic chiasm (midbrain) to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus then to the occipital lobe in the back of brain

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15
Q

where is the primary visual cortex?

A

the occipital lobe

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16
Q

what does the primary visual cortex do?

A

receives, integrates and processes visual information relayed from the retina

17
Q

what are the cells within the primary visual cortex?

A

simple cells
complex cells
hypercomplex cells

18
Q

simple cells

A

respond to an edge at a particular orientation in a specific part of the visual field

19
Q

complex cells

A

respond to an edge at a particular orientation but falling anywhere within a wider field

20
Q

which cell with the primary visual cortex can respond to direction of motion?

A

complex cells

21
Q

hypercomplex cells

A

responds to a line which ends within the receptive field

22
Q

what are higher levels of visual processing?

A

Other regions of the brain aid in processing the visual information

  • temporal lobes detect combinations of lines/edges eg, squares or cones
  • colour and orientation combinations
23
Q

what is agnosia?

A

visual disorder where individuals are unable to recognise objects

24
Q

what is prosopagnosia?

A

A specific form of agnosia where individuals cant recognise faces

25
Q

what does damage to the parietal lobe mean for vision?

A

cause problems with spatial awareness

- visual neglect

26
Q

what is visual neglect?

hemineglect

A

visual neglect for hemineglect is when one whole side of the visual field is lost caused by damaged to one side of the visual pathway

27
Q

what is a visual map?

A

the information from all levels of the visual system is distributed into multiple maps to indicate where things are in the visual field

28
Q

retinotopic visual map

A

mimics the layout of the visual field

29
Q

how are visual maps weighted?

A

centre weighted

central 5 degrees represented most strongly

30
Q

what is visual blindsight?

A

unconscious awareness of a visual stimulus

31
Q

how does light travel through the eye?

A

light enters the pupil and travels through the lens and then vitreous humour to the retina. photoreceptors in the retina convert visual information into communicable information for the brain

PYB102 (11 decks)

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