week 1-3: neuroanatomy Flashcards
2 divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System
Peripheral nervous system
Tracts
Bundles of axons in the CNS
white matter
Nuclei
Groups of neuron cell bodies in the CNS
Grey matter
nerves
bundles of axons in the PNS
Ganglia
groups of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
divisions of the brain
- forebrain region
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain
Forebrain
Telencephalon - cerebral cortex - basal ganglia - limbic system Diencephalon - thalamus - hypothalamus
midbrain
superior colliculi
inferior colliculi
hindbrain
medulla
pons
cerebellum
reticular formation
neural tubes
grow to form the cns
neural crest
develop into the PNS
medulla
contains circuits of neurons that vital function (HR, BP, RR)
Pons
a bridge of fibres that connects the brain stem with the cerebellum.
- contains clusters of nuclei
- one of the clusters is the reticular formation which influences alertness/consciousness
cerebellum
large structure located behind the brain stem
critical for coordination of movement and to balance
Superior colliculi (anterior)
relay visual information and important for visual attention
Inferior colliculi (posterior)
relay auditory information and important for auditory attention
colliculi appearance and location
superior and inferior colliculi are pairs of bumps on the back of the brain stem
thalamus
relay station through which all sensory (not smell) information must pass through to get to the cerebral cortex
thalamus filters and begins to organise the sensory input
hypothalamus
- major role in the regulation of basic biological drives such as hunger and thirst
- controls ANS
- regulates body temperature
- controls pituitary gland which releases hormones and controls glands
hypothalamus and thalamus location
thalamus is above the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is below the hypothalamus
forebrain region
basal ganglia
group of structures crucial for planning and producing movement
what disease affects the basal ganglia?
Parkinson’s disease
limbic system
a loosely connected network of structures plays important role in learning and memory and emotions (Executive function) 2 structures: 1 hippocampus (role in memory and learning) 2 amygdala (processing emotional information such as fear response)
cerebral cortex
- outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere
- 2-6mm thick
- folded so it can fit in the skull
- contains gyrus and sulci
gyrus
bump/bulge on the cerebral cortex
sulcus
grooves on the cerebral cortex
4 brain lobes
1, occipital lobe
2, parietal lobe
3, frontal lobe
4, temporal lobe