Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Physiology > Week 5 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Week 5 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A 
Gas exchange
Regulate Blood pH
Contains smell receptors
Filters inspired air
Produces sounds
Rids body of water/heat in expired air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The cardiovascular system and the respiratory system cooperate to supply ____ and eliminate ____

A

O2

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system?

A 
Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (wind pipe)
Bronchi
Lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The upper respiratory system is composed of what parts?

A

Nose
Pharynx
Associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The lower respiratory system is composed of what parts?

A

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchii
Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Conduction portion

Respiratory portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the functions of the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting portion - filter, warm, moisten air and conduct it into lungs. Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Respiratory portion - tissues w/in lungs where gas exchange occurs. Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Otorhinolaryngology?

A

Diagnosis and treatment of ears, nose and throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is pulmonology?

A

Diagnosis and treatment of disease of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The external nose is composed of __________ and _________ covered with muscle, skin and lined with a ___________

A

bony framework
hyaline cartilage
mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The internal nose lies _______ to the nasal bone and ________ to the mouth

A

inferior

superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The space within the internal nose is the ____.

A

nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The anterior portion just inside the nostrils is called the ________.

A

vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The _________ divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides

A

nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The _______ divide the nasal septum into groove-like passageways called the superior, middle and inferior meatuses.

A

conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The _________ line the superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum.

A

olfactory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mucous secreted by __________ moistens the air entering the nose and traps dust particles

A

goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

____ move the mucous and trapped particles towards the pharynx to be swallowed or spit out

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The functions of the pharynx are ________

A

passageway for air and foodresonating chamber for speech soundshouses the tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The anatomical regions of the pharynx are _______

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The ________ is the superior portion of the pharynx.

A

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils are located in the ________.

A

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Palatine and lingual tonsils are located in the __________.

A

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The larynx is ________

A

a short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

During swallowing, the _______ closes off the glottis (vocal cords) and prevents food from entering the larynx and airways inferior to it.

A

epiglottis

26
Q

What is cricoid cartilage?

A

A ring of cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx

27
Q

The mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds- ________ and ________

A

ventricular folds

vocal folds

28
Q

The _______ is anterior to the esophagus and extends from the larynx to the superior border of the 5th thoracic vertebra where it branches to form bronchi.

A

Trachea

29
Q

What are the layers of the trachea?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia

30
Q

A tracheostomy is _______

A

an operation to make an opening into the trachea

31
Q

The bronchi are _____

A

air passageways connecting the trachea to the lungs

32
Q

The ridge where the trachea branches into the right and left bronchi is the _________. It is the epithelial that triggers ______

A

carina

cough

33
Q

Bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi and eventually _____

A

bronchioles

34
Q

The two layers of the pleural membrane of the lung are _______ and ________

A

Visceral pleura

Parietal pleura

35
Q

The pleural cavity is filled with ________

A

Serous fluid

36
Q

________ or _________ is an inflammation of the pleural membrane

A

Pleurisy

Pleuritis

37
Q

The lungs are divided into lobes by _______

A

fissures

38
Q

The right lung has __ lobes while the left lung has ___ lobes

A

3

2

39
Q

Terminal bronchioles are called __________, which are subdivided into ___________.

A

respiratory bronchioles

alveolar ducts

40
Q

An _______ is a cup-shaped outpouching lined by simple squamous epithelium

A

alveolus

41
Q

Type I alveolar cells provide ________ and is the site of ______ while Type II alveolar cells ________.

A

structure
gas exchange
secrete surfactant to lower suface tension of alveolar fluid

42
Q

The alveolar walls and capillary walls form the ________

A

respiratory membrane

43
Q

List the branching of the bronchial tree

A 
Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
44
Q

In order for gas exchange to occur from alveoli to blood, gas must pass through what membranes?

A

alveolar epithelial wall of type I cells
alveolar epithelial basement membrane
capillary basement membrane
endothelial cells of capillary

45
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A

SCM, scalenes, external intercostals, diaphragm, serratus anterior

46
Q

What are the muscles of expiration?

A

internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, serratus posterior inferior

47
Q

Describe eupnea, apnea, dyspnea, tachypnea, costal breathing, diaphragmatic breathing

A

eupnea - normal quiet breathing
apnea - temporary cessation of breathing
dyspnea - difficult or labored breathing
tachypnea - rapid breathing
diaphragmatic breathing - descent of diaphragm causes ST to bulge during inspiration
costal breathing - just rib actively involved

48
Q

Tidal volume is _________

A

amount of air moved during quiet breathing

49
Q

Reserve volumes are ___________

A

amount you can breath either in or out above that amount of tidal volume

50
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid depends upon the amount of gas present and its solubility coefficient

51
Q

How is CO2 carried in the blood?

A
  • dissolved in plasma
  • combined w/ globin part of Hb molecule forming carbaminohemoglobin
  • as part of bicarbonate ion
52
Q

List the groups of neurons of the respiratory center and their locations

A

medullary rhythmicity area (inspiratory/expiratory) - medulla oblongata

pneumotaxic - pons
apneustic - pons

53
Q

Which neurons of the respiratory center are constantly active?

A

medullary rhythmicity area

54
Q

The pacemaker of respiration is ________

A

inspiratory area of the medullary rhythmicity area

55
Q

Respiration is chemically regulated by ______ located in ________

A

chemoreceptors

medulla
aortic body -> vagus nerve
carotid body -> glossopharyngeal nerve

56
Q

Boyle’s law states that _________

A

gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure

57
Q

Henry’s law states that _________

A

the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure

58
Q

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is _______

A

carbon dioxide

59
Q

The term _________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space

A

pneumothorax

60
Q

______ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle

A

Tidal volume

61
Q

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is _________

A

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

62
Q

As acidity of blood increases, affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin _________

A

decreases

Human Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions