Week 5 - Physical Activity And Cancer Flashcards
In 2008 how many people were diagnosed with cancer, how many deaths were there because of cancer and how many people were living with cancer?
- 4 million. diagnosed with cancer.
- 6 million deaths.
25 million living with cancer.
Cancer has doubled in the last 10 years. True or false?
True
1 of 2 Males will develop cancer in their lifetime. 1 out 3 Females will develop cancer in their lifetime. Are these statements true or false?
True
What percentage of cancer will develop after the age of 55 years?
80%
What is cancer?
This is a disease caused by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. It is also an umbrella term used for a group of over 200 different diseases.
What is carcinomas?
This is cancer of the skin or tissues and lines and covers the internal organs. E.g. Lung, breast, colon, prostate.
What are sarcomas?
Cancers arising from bone and fat muscle
What is leukaemia?
Cancer that begins in the blood-forming tissue.
What is lymphoma?
This is cancer that originates in the cells of the immune system
What is the cause of cancer?
It can be caused by internal or external factors:
Internal: hormones and genetics
External: lifestyle factors e.g smoking
Provide 4 examples of treatment used for cancer?
1) surgery
2) radiation therapy
3) chemotherapy
4) hormone therapy
What are the different stages of diagnosis for cancer?
Localised (stage 1 and 2)
Regional (stage 3)
Distant (stage 4)
The stage varies depending on the size of the tumour and the spread of the disease.
What are the two sub categories for survivorship?
1) rehabilitation and recovery
2) disease prevention and the promotion of well-being
What are the side effects of treatment?
High levels of fatigue, pain, hair-loss, breast loss (body image), depression and anxiety.
What is are the 3 most common forms of cancer?
1) Melanoma
2) prostate
3) breast cancer
20 years ago Doctors believed physical activity to be detrimental and they believed in rest, however today this way thinking has taken a turn and now it is believed that there are numerous benefits of physical activity in the treatment and survivorship pleases. True or false?
True
What percentage of patients with cancer do not engage in physical activity?
70%
Why do some people with cancer choose to exercise? Name 3
Because:
Distracts them from cancer.
Increased energy and positive mental attitude
Sense of purpose by refocusing their mind.
Provide 3 barriers to exercise for cancer patients?
1) pain
2) nausea
3) fatigue
What type of exercises do breast cancer survivors prefer?
51% walking
36% yoga or flexibility type training
27% strength exercises
What type of exercises do ovarian cancer survivors prefer?
50% home based training
50% walking
What type of exercises do kidney cancer survivors prefer?
39.6% Exercising with a friend
52% home based
69% walking
Physical activity is associated with the reduction in the risk of developing several types of cancer including; breast, colon, endometrial and lung. True or false?
True
Studies have shown that physical activity need to be done regularly (3 times a week) it also needs to be undertaken at a high intensity. True all false?
True
According to (Irwin et al, 2008) by taking part in regular exercise breast cancer survivors can reduce their risk of death by what percentage? And reduce what percentage of reoccurrence?
30-50% and 50% reduction in reoccurrence of breast cancer
According to (Kenfield et al, 2010) exercise can reduce the risk of death by what percentage amongst prostate cancer patients?
30-50%
Physical activity helps cancer patients manage treatment-related side effects by what 4 factors?
1) maintaining physical functioning ( daly et al, 2010)
2) prevent muscle loss and weight gain.
3) improve mood, self-esteem, and overall quality of life (Burke et al, 2007)
4) reduced fatigue and reduced psychological distress
Name the 4 domains of quality of life?
1) economic status.
2) social status.
3) psychological well-being.
4) physical well-being.
According to Sebastien and colleagues (2007) the activity of Dragon boating providing opportunities for women to do what three things?
1) regain a sense of personal control.
2) develop me identities as athletes.
3) overcome physical challenges.
According to Burke and Sabiston (2012) theactivity and participation in a climb of Mt Mt Kilimanjaro provided the opportunity for women to: (name 5)
1) embrace life.
2) gain personal strength.
3 gain a sense of closure.
4) feel personally challenged.
5)experience personal control.
Studies reveal that physical activity participation results in improved quality of life, for example physical independence and self-care activities. True or false?
True
The number of people surviving from cancer is increasing each year. True or false?
True
Provide two examples of observational studies?
1) surveys
2) case control studies
Provide 3 examples of qualitative studies?
1) interviews
2) focus groups
3) observations
Provide an example of a randomised controlled trial?
Intervention group vs standard treatment group.
Provide issues of limitations regarding the validity and reliability of self-reported physical activity measures?
Difficult to assess all types of physical activity.
Hard to standardise the frequency, duration and intensity of activities.
Time periods in life ( pre and post cancer diagnosis)
Insufficient sample sizes to explore all factors as people with cancer don’t want to participate in studies.
Physical activity programs are feasible and beneficial for cancer patients as exercise can play a major role as a therapy during and after treatment. True or false?
True
