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Psychology > Week 5 - Physical Activity And Cancer > Flashcards

Week 5 - Physical Activity And Cancer Flashcards

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1
Q

In 2008 how many people were diagnosed with cancer, how many deaths were there because of cancer and how many people were living with cancer?

A
  1. 4 million. diagnosed with cancer.
  2. 6 million deaths.

25 million living with cancer.

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2
Q

Cancer has doubled in the last 10 years. True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

1 of 2 Males will develop cancer in their lifetime. 1 out 3 Females will develop cancer in their lifetime. Are these statements true or false?

A

True

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4
Q

What percentage of cancer will develop after the age of 55 years?

A

80%

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5
Q

What is cancer?

A

This is a disease caused by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. It is also an umbrella term used for a group of over 200 different diseases.

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6
Q

What is carcinomas?

A

This is cancer of the skin or tissues and lines and covers the internal organs. E.g. Lung, breast, colon, prostate.

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7
Q

What are sarcomas?

A

Cancers arising from bone and fat muscle

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8
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

Cancer that begins in the blood-forming tissue.

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9
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

This is cancer that originates in the cells of the immune system

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10
Q

What is the cause of cancer?

A

It can be caused by internal or external factors:

Internal: hormones and genetics

External: lifestyle factors e.g smoking

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11
Q

Provide 4 examples of treatment used for cancer?

A

1) surgery
2) radiation therapy
3) chemotherapy
4) hormone therapy

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12
Q

What are the different stages of diagnosis for cancer?

A

Localised (stage 1 and 2)

Regional (stage 3)

Distant (stage 4)

The stage varies depending on the size of the tumour and the spread of the disease.

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13
Q

What are the two sub categories for survivorship?

A

1) rehabilitation and recovery

2) disease prevention and the promotion of well-being

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14
Q

What are the side effects of treatment?

A

High levels of fatigue, pain, hair-loss, breast loss (body image), depression and anxiety.

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15
Q

What is are the 3 most common forms of cancer?

A

1) Melanoma
2) prostate
3) breast cancer

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16
Q

20 years ago Doctors believed physical activity to be detrimental and they believed in rest, however today this way thinking has taken a turn and now it is believed that there are numerous benefits of physical activity in the treatment and survivorship pleases. True or false?

A

True

17
Q

What percentage of patients with cancer do not engage in physical activity?

A

70%

18
Q

Why do some people with cancer choose to exercise? Name 3

A

Because:
Distracts them from cancer.
Increased energy and positive mental attitude
Sense of purpose by refocusing their mind.

19
Q

Provide 3 barriers to exercise for cancer patients?

A

1) pain
2) nausea
3) fatigue

20
Q

What type of exercises do breast cancer survivors prefer?

A

51% walking
36% yoga or flexibility type training
27% strength exercises

21
Q

What type of exercises do ovarian cancer survivors prefer?

A

50% home based training

50% walking

22
Q

What type of exercises do kidney cancer survivors prefer?

A

39.6% Exercising with a friend
52% home based
69% walking

23
Q

Physical activity is associated with the reduction in the risk of developing several types of cancer including; breast, colon, endometrial and lung. True or false?

A

True

24
Q

Studies have shown that physical activity need to be done regularly (3 times a week) it also needs to be undertaken at a high intensity. True all false?

A

True

25
Q

According to (Irwin et al, 2008) by taking part in regular exercise breast cancer survivors can reduce their risk of death by what percentage? And reduce what percentage of reoccurrence?

A

30-50% and 50% reduction in reoccurrence of breast cancer

26
Q

According to (Kenfield et al, 2010) exercise can reduce the risk of death by what percentage amongst prostate cancer patients?

A

30-50%

27
Q

Physical activity helps cancer patients manage treatment-related side effects by what 4 factors?

A

1) maintaining physical functioning ( daly et al, 2010)
2) prevent muscle loss and weight gain.
3) improve mood, self-esteem, and overall quality of life (Burke et al, 2007)
4) reduced fatigue and reduced psychological distress

28
Q

Name the 4 domains of quality of life?

A

1) economic status.
2) social status.
3) psychological well-being.
4) physical well-being.

29
Q

According to Sebastien and colleagues (2007) the activity of Dragon boating providing opportunities for women to do what three things?

A

1) regain a sense of personal control.
2) develop me identities as athletes.
3) overcome physical challenges.

30
Q

According to Burke and Sabiston (2012) theactivity and participation in a climb of Mt Mt Kilimanjaro provided the opportunity for women to: (name 5)

A

1) embrace life.
2) gain personal strength.
3 gain a sense of closure.
4) feel personally challenged.
5)experience personal control.

31
Q

Studies reveal that physical activity participation results in improved quality of life, for example physical independence and self-care activities. True or false?

A

True

32
Q

The number of people surviving from cancer is increasing each year. True or false?

A

True

33
Q

Provide two examples of observational studies?

A

1) surveys

2) case control studies

34
Q

Provide 3 examples of qualitative studies?

A

1) interviews
2) focus groups
3) observations

35
Q

Provide an example of a randomised controlled trial?

A

Intervention group vs standard treatment group.

36
Q

Provide issues of limitations regarding the validity and reliability of self-reported physical activity measures?

A

Difficult to assess all types of physical activity.

Hard to standardise the frequency, duration and intensity of activities.

Time periods in life ( pre and post cancer diagnosis)

Insufficient sample sizes to explore all factors as people with cancer don’t want to participate in studies.

37
Q

Physical activity programs are feasible and beneficial for cancer patients as exercise can play a major role as a therapy during and after treatment. True or false?

A

True

Psychology (8 decks)

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