Week 3: Theories And Models Of Exercise Behaviour 1 Flashcards
Provide the formula for the expectancy-value approach?
Individual expectation of reaching a goal X The Value of that goal to the individual
According to the expectancy-value approach an individual may understand the importance of exercise, but will be unable to adhere to the training intervention which will result in a failure to adopt the exercise program. True or false?
True
Tell me about the social cognitive theory (Bandora, 1986,1997) triangle?
Behaviour: physical activity-frequency, intensity and duration.
Environments: physical surroundings and social support.
Personal factors: psychological factors and biological features
Define reciprocal determinism?
Behaviour changes as a result of interaction between a person and the environment E.g. the change is by-directional.
Define behavioural capability?
Knowledge and skills to influence behaviour
Define expectations?
These are beliefs about the likely results of action
Define observational learning?
Beliefs based on Observing others like self and/or physical results.
Define reinforcement?
Responses to a person’s behaviour that either increases or decreases the chances of reoccurrence.
Who proposed the theory of reasoned action?
Ajzen and Fishbeing, 1980
What is the theory of reasoned action?
The theory of reasoned action is a general model concerned with the relationship between intentions and behaviour. This intention is determined by 2 factors: attitude (positive and negative thoughts) and sense of subjective norm (social pressures)
Attitude can influence behaviour and can be either positive or negative e.g. exercise is good useful and beneficial or exercise I’d bad, useless and harmful. True or False?
True
What are subjective norms?
These are personal influences we gain from society e.g. “my mum thinks”, “my teacher thinks”
Provide three examples of an intention?
“I plan”, “i intend”and “I expect”
Why is the theory of reasoned action no longer used?
Because of the development of the theory of planned behaviour.
Provide a limitation of the theory of reasoned action?
Although you try and “intend” to exercise it doesn’t mean you will actually exercise, due to other external factors.
What is the theory of planned behaviour Ajzen and Fishbeing, 1990)?
The theory of planned behaviour was developed on the previous theory, suggesting it is not just “intentions” that influence behaviour but “perceived behavioural control” also plays a part.
Providing a sample of perceived behavioural control?
“I believe I have the ability to overcome…”
Perceived behavioural control is known to have a moderate effect on behaviours
Provides sample measures of the theory of planned behaviour?
1) Asking questions using a scale between 1-7 with useless at one end of the continuum and useful at the other end.
2) Asking questions using a tick box with extremely likely at one end of the continuum and extremely unlikley at the other end.
What is meant by the abbreviation MVPA?
Moderate to vigourous physical activity
A meta-analysis (Hagger et al, 2002) shows a strong influence of intentions on exercise behaviour, However attitudes and perceived behavioural control have a strong impact on exercising intentions and subjective norms. True or false?
True
Define meta-analysis?
a meta-analysis refers to methods focused on contrasting and combining results from different studies, in the hope of identifying patterns among study results
Define self-efficacy (Albert Bandura)?
“And individuals beliefs in his or her capabilities to successfully carry out a course of action to meet particular task demands”
Provide an example of the difference between self-efficacy and confidence?
A marathon runner has a hight self confidence to run long distances but self-efficacy of running over a hilly terrain maybe different, so it is situation specific.
What is the self-efficacy theory that was proposed by (Bandora,1986)?
Self Efficacy: Past performance, experience, social persuasion, physiological/effective, behaviour, cognitions and affect.
Provide an example of physiological/affective states according to the self-efficacy theory?
When presenting a presentation you may begin to experience nerves, which may affect and reduce your self-efficacy.
Provide an example of how past performances influence self-efficacy and therefore performance?
According to the Brownlee Brother triathlon video: John is more physiologically better than Alastair, but Alastair mostly wins, thus suggesting Alastair is more mentally strong and as he is older he can draw on past experiences to keep his self-efficacy high.
How can you overcome low self-efficacy?
Low self-efficacy can be overcome by teamwork and social factors.
Self-efficacy can be measured by what 3 parameters (Bandura,1977, 1986, 1997)?
Level: Belief that one can successfully perform various elements of a task.
Strength: Degree of conviction for successfully accomplishing each level of the task.
Generality: Extent to which efficacy for one task carries over to other tasks.
