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JL Reproduction and Sexual Health > Week 5 part 2 > Flashcards

Week 5 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Guidelines for breast feeding?

A

For at least 6 months within one hour and on demand

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2
Q

What can these cause:
Poor positioning and incorrect attachment
Mechanical pumping,
Tearing the nipple/ areola junction
Detaching the baby or pump from the breast incorrectly.

A

Sore and cracked nipples

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3
Q 
Pain - specifically to area of the nipple.
Worsens at the start of feeding
Nipple wedge shaped after feed.
Breasts may also be engorged
Redness, blisters, bleeding and scabs
Baby may vomit blood.
A

Sore/cracked nipples

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4
Q 
What are these causes for:
Delay in first feed
Ineffective positioning and attachment
Restricted feeding
Ineffective emptying
Supplementation
A

Engorgement

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5
Q

The breasts look shiny because of the oedema and can be painful.
The milk does not flow well due to increased pressure in the breast.
The breast (s) may be red
The mother may be feverish.

A

Engorgement

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6
Q 
What are these causes for:
Plugged milk duct
		Breast infection
		Poor positioning and attachment
		Infrequent feeds
		Consistent breast pressure (bra, clothing)
		Dummies
		Supplementation
		Trauma
A

Mastitis

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7
Q

Tender spot, redness, sore lump without fever
– blocked duct
A tender spot or lump and a low grade fever
– breast infection
May have nausea, vomiting.

A

Mastitis

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8
Q

What might infected mastitis have?

A

Cracked nipple
Pus and blood in milk
Red streaks from site back into breast

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9
Q

Recommended antibiotic treamtent for mastitis?

A

1g flucloxacillin four times a day

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10
Q

An agonising pain in both breasts
Pain is felt equally in both breasts
Pain AFTER every feed
No change in nipple colour after feeds
No change in nipple shape after feeds
Frenotomy has been performed where required
Positioning and attachment assessment has identified no issues

A

Thrush

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11
Q

In newborn systemic head to toe exam, what is looked for on: head?

A
  1. Shape of head, fontanelles whether normal , sunken or bulging
  2. Measure and record head circumference on the growth chart
  3. Assess facial appearance and eye position
  4. Look for asymmetry or abnormality of facial characteristics
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12
Q

In newborn systemic head to toe exam, what is looked for on: eyes and ears?

A
  1. Normal shape and appearance
  2. Red reflex presence - retinoblastoma, cataract
  3. Normal or low set, patency of external auditory meatus
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13
Q

In newborn systemic head to toe exam, what is looked for on: mouth arms and hands

A
  1. Colour of mucous membrane; observe palate form and fusion
  2. Check suckling reflex by inserting CLEAN little finger gently inside baby’s mouth
  3. Are hands moving normally, shape normal ?
  4. Look for evidence of traction birth injury (eg Erb’s palsy) by checking neck , shoulders and clavicles.
  5. Count fingers and observe shape and any deformities
  6. Check palmar creases, multiple or single?
    Single crease can be a sign of Down’s syndrome.
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14
Q

In newborn systemic head to toe exam, what is looked for on: heart and peripheral pulses

A
  1. Check brachial, radial and femoral pulses for rate, rhythm and volume.
  2. A hyperdynamic pulse may suggest a patent ductus arteriosus
  3. A weak pulse may suggest a congenital cardiac anomaly, impairing cardiac output, (and in conjunction with other indications from the examination.)
  4. Check the cardiac position by palpation and feel for any thrill or heave
  5. Listen carefully to heart sounds and any added sounds and murmurs
  6. Suspected abnormalities require further examination and opinion
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15
Q

In newborn systemic head to toe exam, what is looked for on: lungs?

A
  1. Watch the respiratory pattern, rate and depth for a few seconds
  2. Look for evidence of intercostal recession
  3. Listen for stridor
  4. Auscultate lung fields for added sounds
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16
Q

In newborn systemic head to toe exam, what is looked for on: abdomen?

A
  1. Observe abdominal girth and shape
  2. Carefully check the umbilical stump for signs of infection or hernia
  3. Palpate gently to feel for organs, masses and herniae
    Note: it is normal to feel the liver and/spleen in healthy babies
  4. Check external genitalia
  5. Palpate for testes in boys
  6. Inspect anus and establish whether or not meconium has been passed
17
Q

In newborn systemic head to toe exam, what is looked for on: back and hips

A
  1. Inspect skin over back, and at spinal curvature, note symmetry
  2. Observe any evidence of spina bifida occulta or sinus hidden by flesh creases or dimples, and any hair tufts
  3. Palpate spine from neck to coccyx
  4. Specifically check for congenital dislocation of the hip (congenital hip dysplasia) using a combination of Barlow and Ortolani manoeuvres
18
Q

In newborn systemic head to toe exam, what is looked for on: legs and CNS

A
  1. Observe movements at each joint
  2. Check for evidence of talipes equinovarus
  3. Count toes and check for shape and abnormal gaps
  4. Observe tone, behaviour, movements and posture
  5. Elict newborn reflexes if safe and appropriate
19
Q

Referring to Modified Oxford Scale & ICS: what is a grade 0 contraction?

A

No discernible contraction ICS absent

20
Q

Referring to Modified Oxford Scale & ICS: what is a grade 1 contraction?

A

Flicker - ICS weak

21
Q

Referring to Modified Oxford Scale & ICS: what is a grade 2 contraction?

A

Weak contraction ICS weak

22
Q

Referring to Modified Oxford Scale & ICS: what is a grade 3 contraction?

A

Moderate - ICS normal

23
Q

Referring to Modified Oxford Scale & ICS: what is a grade 4 contraction?

A

Good contraction ICCS normal

24
Q

Referring to Modified Oxford Scale & ICS: what is a grade 5 contraction?

A

Strong against maximal resistance - ICS strong

25
Q

Name some investigations that can be done for pelvic floor dysfunction?

A
  1. Post voidal residual

2. Real time ultrasound biofeedback - abdo or translabial

26
Q

What test do you do for a general analysis of genome when a diagnosis may be suspected?

A

Chromosome analysis or array CGH

27
Q

What genetic test do you need to know a diagnosis for?

A

FISH

28
Q

oN ULTRASOUND scan after how long is microcephaly or shirt limbs detected?

A

After 22 weeks

29
Q

In relation to early human development in vitro what stage is the zygote in at: early day 1

A

Fertilised egg - zygote

30
Q

In relation to early human development in vitro what stage is the zygote in at: late day 1

A

2-cell stage

31
Q

In relation to early human development in vitro what stage is the zygote in at: early day 2

A

4-cell stage

32
Q

In relation to early human development in vitro what stage is the zygote in at: late day 3

A

16-cell stage

33
Q

In relation to early human development in vitro what stage is the zygote in at: day 4

A

Morula

34
Q

In relation to early human development in vitro what stage is the zygote in at: day 5

A

Blastocyst

35
Q

In relation to early human development in vitro what stage is the zygote in at:day 6

A

hatching

JL Reproduction and Sexual Health (18 decks)

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