Week 5 Pain Science Flashcards

1
Q

T/F Pain = Tissue Damage.

A

False

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2
Q

What is fear of movement because of the potential of pain called?

A

Kinesiophobia

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3
Q

What nerve fibers are in the eyes?

A

Light receptors

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4
Q

What nerve fibers are in the ears?

A

Vibration receptors

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5
Q

What type of nerve fibers are in our tissues?

A

Nociceptive or “danger” receptors

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6
Q

How do you define pain?

A

A multiple system output, activated by the brain based on perceived threat

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7
Q

What afferent neuron is for non-noxious mechanical stimulus?

A

A-beta

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8
Q

What afferent neuron is for noxious mechanical stimulus?

A

A-delta fiber

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9
Q

What afferent neuron is for noxious heat and chemical stimuli?

A

C fiber

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10
Q

When you have a fight or flight response, you get a surge of _____ and _____.

A

Adrenaline and Cortisol

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11
Q

When you have a physical response to threat, what 4 things increase? what things decrease?

A

Increase: HR, respiration, BP, muscle tone
Decrease: Digestion, sexual function, other non-essential functions

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12
Q

T/F: The fight or flight response is designed to be long term.

A

False

When the threat is gone, system returns to normal. The system is designed to be short term

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13
Q

What is it called when your body accumulates stress?

A

Allostatic Overload

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14
Q

What part of the body releases adrenaline?

A

Adrenal Medulla

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15
Q

How can cortisol affect tissues?

A

sore, tired, sensitive, fatigued

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16
Q

How can cortisol affect the brain?

A

Memory, sleep, concentration, BP, reproduction

17
Q

How does cortisol affect the immune system?

A

Cytokine signaling, increased nerve sensitivity, persistent inflammation, brain plasticity

18
Q

What is the Cartesian Model Though Process?

A
  1. Pain = tissue damage
  2. I hurt, therefore, I must be injured
  3. More pain = more damage
  4. Movement -> Pain
  5. Movement -> Injury

KINESIOPHOBIA!

19
Q

How can we break the cycle?

A

Teach patients to avoid dwelling and catastrophizing

How patients react to pain experience can affect recovery

20
Q

What is the fear avoidance model?

A

Pain can lead to catastrophizing
* be careful of your language with pt education
* pain will cause some of your pts to pull away from activities and participation
* Depression -> disability

21
Q

About what ratio of patients with chronic pain don’t have an injury?

A

1/3

22
Q

With the fear avoidance model, how can we help patients?

A

Educate the patient about their pain
* Confront their pain with knowledge!

23
Q

What is pain catastrophizing?

A

Inability to foresee anything other than the worst possible outcome OR experiencing a situation as unbearable or impossible when its just uncomfortable

irrational thoughts AND limited knowledge

24
Q

What are some things that can negatively affect pain/illness?

A
  • Threatening and provocative words
  • Medical tests
  • Various opinions
  • Internet
  • Past experiences
25
Q

What are impaired beliefs?

A

Patient feels afraid, poorly understood, and thinks that mvmt causes pain and that their tissues are being damaged

  • Fear —> high threat
26
Q

How is pain useful?

A
  1. Alerts us to injury or danger
  2. Protects the body
  3. Why we’re still here as a species
27
Q

What is MI?

A

Motivation Interviewing: collaborative conversation style for strengthening a person’s own motivation and commitment to change

28
Q

What are the 8 communication themes?

A
  1. Disclosure-facilitating
  2. Rapport-building
  3. Empathic
  4. Collaborative
  5. Professional Accountability
  6. Informative
  7. Agenda-setting
  8. Meta-communication
29
Q

What are the core skills for MI?

A
  • Open-ended questions: allow pts to express themselves
  • Affirmation: “Thats a good strategy…”
  • Reflections: repeating, paraphrasing, seeking confirmation
  • Summaries: of pt story; do they consider change?