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Ther-ex > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

Skin impedance __________ as the inter-electrode distance increases

A

Increases

(because there’s more skin between them duh)

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2
Q

Skin impedance ________ as the frequency increases

A

Decreases

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3
Q

What are the general settings of Conventional Tens?

A

Around 100 duration (75-150) and 100 frequency (80-125)

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4
Q

What are the general settings of acupuncture TENS?

A

LOW frequency (under 20)

HIGH Pulse Duration: 100-600

SEE A MUSCLE CONTRACTION

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5
Q

What are the general settings of noxious TENs

A

LOW frequency: 1-5

High pulse duration: 100-1000

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6
Q

What are the general settings of brief intense TENS?

A

high frequency: 100

High Duration: 100-600

Set on B instead of N

You want to see muscle fasciculations

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7
Q

What pain theory does conventional TENs use?

A

Gate Control

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8
Q

What theory does Acupuncture/low frequency TENs use?

A

Descending pain control theory

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9
Q

What theory does noxious level TENs use?

A

Endogenous opiate pain control theory

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10
Q

What theory does brief intense TENs use?

A

Peripheral and central analgeisa

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11
Q

What factor makes tendons heal slower than muscles?

A

Difference in blood supply

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12
Q

Tendon proliferation stage occurs when?

Tendon Remodeling begins and can last how long?

A

48 to 72 hours after injury

6-8 weeks and may continue for years

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13
Q

What is the first stage of a muscle injury, how long does it last?

A

Short term immobilization

2-5 days

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14
Q

What happens between week 2-3 of a muscle injury?

week 4-6?

A

2-3 Balance between tissue extensibility and protection from reinjury

4-6 Gentle AROM through full range NO RESISTANCE

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15
Q

After 6+ weeks of a muscle injury, how do you train it?

A

Warm up and endurance activities

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16
Q

How long are most tendon rehab programs?

A

6+ months sometimes 1-2 years

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17
Q

Tendons: Active tension across repair site within first ___________ results in poor outcomes

What should you do in the first 3 weeks of a tendon injury?

A

3

PROM

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18
Q

What are the 4 phases of fracture repair?

A

Hematoma formation

Fibrocartilage callus formation

Bony Callus formation

bone remodeling

19
Q

How long does fracture healing time take in:

Children
Adolescencts
Adults

A

Children 4-6 weeks
Adolescents 6-8 weeks
Adults 10-18 weeks

20
Q

What areas generally heal faster from a fracture

A

UE > LE

Distal > Proximal

21
Q

What is tissue capacitance?

Put the following in increasing order of capacitance:
A-Beta, C fiber, Muscle fiber, muscle tissue, A-Delta

A

The ability to store electricity?

Lowest to highest: A-Beta, A-Delta, C fiber, Muslce Fiber, Muscle

22
Q

What tissue is the best conductor of electricity?

What tissue is the worst?

A

Best conductor: Blood

Good conductor: Muscle

Poor Conductors: Fat, Tendon

Bone: Poorest conductor

Skin: Insulator (Opposite of conduction)

23
Q

During the acute phase, what E-stim will you use?

A

Conventional

24
Q

When do you use non-thermal ultrasound?

When do you use mild thermal ultrasound?

When do you use moderate thermal

When do you use vigorous

A

During the acute phase

Sub acute

chronic

contracture

25
Q

Which frequency of ultrasound goes the deepest?

How deep?

A

1MHz

5 cm

26
Q

How much temp increase for nonthermal ultrasound?

Mild?

Moderate?

Vigorous?

A

0C

1C

2C

4C

27
Q

Skin infection

Open wounds

Arteriosclerosis/thrombosis/cardiac decompensation

severe varicose veins

new tendon transplant

fracture

acute inflammation

Which modality are these contraindications for?

A

Massage

28
Q

should not be done when motion is disruptive to the healing process

should not be done when patient’s response or condition is life threatening

What modality are these contraindications for?

A

ROM

29
Q

Pace makers

Stimulation near heart

Area over carotid sinus

Area with DVT or thrombsis

Patients who are confused

Patients w/ internal stimulator

seizure disorders

Infection

Wounds,scars,lesions

Malignancies

pregnancy

MSK problems where it would exacerbate the condition

high level spinal cord injury

What modality are these contraindications for?

A

E - Stim

30
Q

Bleeding

Decreased sensation

Decreased circulation or DVT

Infection

Malignancy

Over implants

Carotid sinus or cervical ganglia

Growth plates in children

over eyes, heart, genitalia

over cement/plastic

over pregnant woman areas

over pace maker

vascular problems

What modality are these contraindications for?

A

Ultrasound

31
Q

What is a motor point?

A

The spot of least impedence found by using the hot-finger technique

Usually somewhere in the middle of the muscle belly

32
Q

NMES Parameters
vs
Strengthening Parameters

A

NMES
Duty cycle starts 1:5 and progresses -> 1:3 -> 1:1
Frequency: 35-55 (tetany range)
Pulse Width 200-600
Goal is a comfortable muscle contraction.

Strenghening
Pulse width 200-600
Frequency: 50-85 (more than NMES)
Duty Cycle: 1:5 (more time to rest between contractions)
Goal is to have 60% Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction MVIC

33
Q

What is IFC and how do you set it up?

A

IFC is like TENs but with 2 interfering currents

You need to place the 2 channels in a cross pattern

34
Q

What is the cathode?

What is the anode?

A

Cathode:
Negative End
Alkaline
Has the most electrons
Replicates the natural pattern of electrical flow in body
Active electrode for stimulating muscle contraction

Anode:
Positive
Acidic

35
Q

What is the sequence of soft tissue massage?

A

Skin Rolling

Light Effleurage

Deep Effleurage

Petrissage

Special Techniqus

Petrissage

Deep Effleurage

Light Effleurage

36
Q

What soft tissue massage can be preformed acutely?

A

Skin Rolling

Light Effleurage

Deep Effleurage

Petrissage

37
Q

Bony Block

Non-Union Fracture

Acute Inflammation/Infection

Sharp/Acute pain

Hematoma/Tissue Trauama

Hypermobility

Hypomobility that provides stability

What modality are these contraindications for

A

Stretching

38
Q

What kind of ROM should you do in the acute phase?

A

3-5 reps PROM within pain tolerance several times per day

39
Q

How do you progress ROM in the subacute stage?

A

PROM -> AAROM -> AROM (gravity eliminated) -> AROM

10-15 reps w/ brief holds 3-5 seconds

2-3 times per day

40
Q

Acute/subacute injury

Decreased circulation

Decreased sensation

DVT

Impaired cognition

Malignant tumors

Tendancy toward hemorrhage or edema

very young or elderly

What modality are these contraindications for?

A

Thermotherapy

41
Q

What are the reflexive effects of massage?

A

Decrease Autonomic nervous system response via
increased parasympathetic tone
Decreased HR and BP
vasodilation

GTO activation

Gate Control Theory

Release of endogenous opiates

42
Q

What are the mechanical effects of massage?

A
  • Loosens adhesions,
  • Softens and loosens scar formation
  • Assists in realignment of collagen tissue
  • Relieves myofascial trigger points
  • Increase range of motion via stretching muscle,
    scar tissue, and decreasing neuromuscular excitability
  • Often combined with stretch of muscle
43
Q

The mechanical effects of massage should be done __________

A

AFTER the reflexive effects are used

(only once patient is relaxed)

Ther-ex (11 decks)

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