Week 5 Lecture Flashcards
Plasma accounts for how much of the blood volume?
In adults, plasma accounts for 50% to 55% of blood volume
Plasma contains what?
Plasma contains a large number of proteins (plasma proteins).
Three types of proteins in the blood
- Albumin
- Globulin
- Clotting proteins
Most plasma proteins are produced by:
The liver
Albumin
Albumin serves as a carrier molecule for both normal components of blood and drugs.
They maintain the critical colloidal osmotic pressure (or oncotic pressure) that regulates the passage of fluids and electrolytes into the surrounding tissues
Globulins
Carrier proteins and immunoglobulins in plasma
Clotting factors or proteins
The clotting factors or proteins promote coagulation and stop bleeding from damaged blood vessels.
The most plentiful of the clotting factors:
Fibrinogen is the most plentiful of the clotting factors and is the precursor of the fibrin clot
The cellular elements of the blood are broadly classified as:
The cellular elements of the blood are broadly classified as:
Red blood cells (erythrocytes),
White blood cells (leukocytes), and
Platelets.
Most abundant cells of the blood:
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Erythrocytes are primarily responsible for
Erythrocytes are primarily responsible for tissue oxygenation.
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Hemoglobin (Hb) carries the gases, and electrolytes regulate gas diffusion through the cell’s plasma membrane.
Life span of erythrocyte
100 to 120 days
What qualities of erythrocyte’s help it function as a gas carrier?
- A biconcave shape
- the capacity to be reversibily deformed
What does a biconcave shape do for a rbc?
The flattened, biconcave shape provides a surface area/volume ratio that is optimal for gas diffusion into and out of the cell and for deformity.
What does reversible deformity do for rbc?
Reversible deformity enables the erythrocyte to assume a more compact torpedo-like shape, squeeze through the microcirculation (diapedesis), and return to normal
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Leukocytes (white blood cells) defend the body against organisms that cause infection and also remove debris, including dead or injured host cells of all kinds
How are leukocytes classified by structure?
Leukocytes are classified according to structure as either
- granulocytes or
- agranulocytes
What do granulocytes include:
- neutrophils
- basophils
- eosinophils,
Are all phagocytes.
What do agranulocytes include:
- Monocytes
- immature macrophages
- lymphocytes
What is the most numerous granulocyte?
Neutrophils
Granulocytes are made up of what inside them?
Have nucleus and several lobes
many membrane bound granules
What do the granules in granulocytes contain?
These granules contain enzymes capable of killing microorganisms and catabolizing debris ingested during phagocytosis.
The granules also contain powerful biochemical mediators with inflammatory and immune functions.
Neutrophils
chief phagocytes of early inflammation.
Soon after bacterial invasion or tissue injury, neutrophils migrate out of the capillaries and into the damaged tissue, where they ingest and destroy contaminating microorganisms and debris.