Shock help for Final

Question 1

Shock

Answer 1

cardiovascular system fails to perfuse the tissues adequately

Question 2

What does shock ultimately progress to?

Answer 2

Ultimately, shock progresses to organ failure and death

Question 3

What is a frequent complication of shock?

Answer 3

multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

Question 4

multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

Answer 4

the failure of two or more organ systems after severe illness and injury and is a frequent complication of severe shock.

Question 5

What is common in all types of shock?

Answer 5

In all types of shock, the cell either is not receiving an adequate amount of oxygen or is unable to use oxygen.

Question 6

In general, what is the first treatment of shock? What is management?

Answer 6

discover and correct or remove the underlying cause.`

Simultaneously, management should begin directed at improvement in tissue perfusion.

Question 7

Types of shock:

Answer 7

1. Cardiogenic
2. Hypovolemic
3. Neurogenic
4. Anaphylactic
5. Sepsis

Question 8

Cardiogenic shock is caused by

Answer 8

Heart failure

Question 9

Hypovolemic shock is caused by

Answer 9

insufficient fluid volume

Question 10

Neurogenic shock is caused by

Answer 10

neural alterations of vascular smooth muscle tone

can be caused by any factor that stimulates parasympathetic or inhibits sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle.

Question 11

Septic shock is caused by

Answer 11

infection

Question 12

Anaphylactic shock is caused by

Answer 12

immunological processes

Question 13

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 13

decreased cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia in the presence of adequate intravascular volume.

happens when your heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to the brain and other vital organs.

Question 14

Clinical manifestations of shock

Answer 14

impaired mentation, dyspnea and tachypnea, systemic venous and pulmonary edema, dusky skin color, marked hypotension, oliguria, and ileus

Question 15

What are the compensatory mechanisms of cardiogenic shock?

Answer 15

Catecholamine release

Renin-aldosterone, ADH

Question 16

Management of cardiogenic shock

Answer 16

Management of cardiogenic shock includes careful fluid and vasopressor administration followed by early angiography, IABP counterpulsation, ventricular assist devices, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and early revascularization

Question 17

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 17

is caused by loss of whole blood (hemorrhage), plasma (burns), or interstitial fluid (diaphoresis, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, emesis, diarrhea, or diuresis) in large amounts.

Question 18

Clinical manifestations of hypovolemic shock

Answer 18

high SVR, poor skin turgor, thirst, oliguria, low systemic and pulmonary preloads, rapid heart rate, thready pulse, and mental status deterioration.

Question 19

Management of hypovolemic shock

Answer 19

Management begins with rapid fluid replacement with crystalloids and blood products.

Reestablish tissue perfusion

Question 20

Neurogenic shock

Answer 20

is the result of widespread and massive vasodilation that results from imbalances between parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle

Question 21

End result of Neurogenic shock?

Answer 21

neurologic insult may cause bradycardia, which decreases cardiac output and further contributes to hypotension and underperfusion of tissues.

Question 22

Management of neurogenic shock

Answer 22

Management includes the careful use of fluids and vasopressors until blood pressure stabilizes.

Question 23

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 23

Anaphylactic shock results from a widespread hypersensitivity reaction known as anaphylaxis.

Question 24

What does anaphylactic begin with?

Answer 24

Anaphylactic shock begins with exposure of a sensitized individual to an allergen.

Question 25

Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis

Answer 25

The primary clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis include anxiety, dizziness, difficulty breathing, stridor, wheezing, pruritus with hives (urticaria), swollen lips and tongue, and abdominal cramping.

Question 26

Management of Anaphylactic shock?

Answer 26

Fluids are given intravenously to reverse the relative hypovolemia, and antihistamines and corticosteroids are administered to stop the inflammatory reaction. Vasopressors and inhaled β-adrenergic agonist bronchodilators may also be necessary.