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HS1003 > Week 5 - Early Childhood Psychosocial development > Flashcards

Week 5 - Early Childhood Psychosocial development Flashcards

1
Q

What age is early childhood

A

2-6 yrs

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2
Q

what is sense of self

A

structured way individuals think about themselves, helps to organise and understand who they are based on the views of others, own experiences and cultural categories e.g. gender
- up until 5 describe self using concrete and observable terms

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3
Q

what are the 4 parenting styles

A
  • authoritative
  • authoritarian
  • permissive
  • uninvolved
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4
Q
A
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5
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6
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7
Q
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8
Q

what are the outcomes of authoritative parenting styles

A
  • high self esteem
  • moral standards
  • maturity
  • academic success
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9
Q

What are the outcomes of authoritarian parenting style

A
  • anxiety
  • withdrawal
  • low self esteem
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10
Q

what is the outcome of permissive parenting style

A
  • impulsivity
  • disobedience
  • rebelliousness
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11
Q

What are the outcomes of uninvolved parenting style

A
  • poor social emotional development
  • self control
  • low self esteem
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12
Q

how did sarachoand spodek define play as

A
  • intrinsically not extrinsically motivated
  • process - not product -oriented
  • creative and non literal
  • has implicit rules
  • spontaneous and self initiated
  • free from major emotional distress
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13
Q

what are the 4 different types of play according to grusec and lytton

A
  • functional play
  • constructive play
  • pretend play
  • games with rules
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14
Q

what is functional play

A

simple repetitive movements, sometimes with objects or own body. for example shoveling sand, pushing a toy, jumping up and down

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15
Q

what is constructive play

A

manipulation of objects in order to construct something for example building with blocks

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16
Q

what is pretend play

A

substitutes make believe, imaginary and dramatic situations for real ones. For example playing house or superman

17
Q

what is games with rules

A

play is more formal and is governed by fixed rules. For examples, hopscotch, hide and seek

18
Q

what is the role of play is erikson’s theory

A
  • importance of fantasy, pretend play, opportunity to gain mastery over anxiety and conflicts
  • release of upsetting feelings
  • gain satisfaction in fantasy world
19
Q

what is prosocial behaviour

A
  • selflessness
  • altruism
  • helpfulness
  • sharing
  • sympathy

this emerges during early childhood and increases with age due to gains in cognitive functioning and social skills

20
Q

What is antisocial behaviour

A

aggression
- instrumental aggression
- hostile aggresions (physical, verbal, relational)
- reactive aggression
- proactive aggression

21
Q

Describe antisocial behaviour in young childhood

A

early pre schoolers have a high instrumental aggression - declines with age while hostile aggression increase

hostile aggression first dominated by physical aggression, then towards end of childhood declines and verbal aggression increases

22
Q

Describe simple toys

A
  • Play is open ended
  • Toys are used in several ways
  • Can inspire creativity
23
Q

Describe complex toys

A
  • Close ended
  • Used in one way
  • May lose their “shine” quickly – meaning that the kid can get bored of the toy
24
Q

What are the difference between sex and gender

A

Sex = determined by the biological differences in chromosomes XY, XX

Gender = the sociocultural differences between being male and female (personality traits, social behaviours and physical appearance)

25
Q

What is the biological theory for gender role development

A

gender roles are influenced by biological factors such as genetics, hormones, and brain structure
Inherent biological differences between males and females lead to distinct behaviours and roles in society

26
Q

What is the cognitive theory for gender role development

A

the role of cognitive processes in understanding and internalizing gender roles. This theory suggests that children actively construct their understanding of gender through observation, interpretation, and categorization

27
Q

What is the learning theories for gender role development

A

gender roles are learned behaviors shaped through reinforcement, punishment, and socialization. This theory focuses on how individuals acquire gendered behaviors through interactions with their environment.

28
Q

what is the gender schema theory

A

cognitive theory of gender development that explains how individuals learn and internalize gender roles and behaviors
includes:
- stereotypes, expectations and behaviours associated with being male or female

29
Q

What is unoccupied play

A

the child wanders about, watching whatever is of momentary interest, but does not become involved in any activity

30
Q

What is solitary play

A

the child plays alone with different toys or other objects and with no direct or indirect awareness of or involvement with other children, even if nearby

31
Q

what is onlooker play

A

A child watches others play without actually entering into the activities, is clearly involved with what’s happening and usually is within speaking distance of the participants

32
Q

What is parallel play

A

Involves two or more children playing side by side in close proximity and with an awareness of each other’s presence often with the same toys or enjoying a similar activity, but do not share toys, talk or interact except in very minimal ways

33
Q

What is associative play

A

children engaged in a common activity and talk about it with each other, but do not assign tasks or roles to particular individuals and are not very clear about their goals

34
Q

What is cooperative play

A

Children consciously from into groups to make something, attain a goal or dramatize a situation, one or two members organise and direct the activity with children assuming different roles and responsibilities

HS1003 (8 decks)

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