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HS1003 > Week 1 - Beginnings forming a new life + theories > Flashcards

Week 1 - Beginnings forming a new life + theories Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different stages of prenatal development

A
  1. Conception -zygote
  2. Germinal (0-2weeks) - blastocyst implants in uterus wall
  3. Embryonic (3-8 weeks)
  4. Foetal (9 weeks - birth)
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2
Q

What ways do humans develop

A
  • head to tail (cephalocaudual)
  • centre to extremities (proximodistal)
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3
Q

What is canalisation

A

Ability of an organism to produce a consistent phenotype despite variability in the environment or genotype

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4
Q

What are teratogens

A

Factors that interfere with healthy development e.g. the mother smoking or drinking alcohol can increase developmental abnormalities, illness in the mother, significance psychological trauma
(critical periods)

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5
Q

What age is infancy and toddlerhood

A

first 2-3 years
0-3

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6
Q

What age is early childhood

A

3-6

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7
Q

What age is middle childhood

A

6-11

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8
Q

What age is adolescence

A

11-20

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9
Q

What age is young adulthood

A

20-40

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10
Q

What age is middle adulthood

A

40-65

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11
Q

What age is late adulthood

A

65 year >

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12
Q

What are the 3 domains of human development

A
  • physical development
  • cognitive development
  • psychosocial development
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13
Q

What includes physical development domain

A
  • biological
  • growth of body,
  • sensory,
  • motor skills
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14
Q

What is the cognitive development domain

A
  • thought/intellect
  • learning memory,
  • decision making,
  • attention span
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15
Q

What is included in psychosocial domain

A
  • personality,
  • social relationships,
  • feelings
  • identity
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16
Q

What are the psychosocial theories

A
  • erikson’s theory
17
Q

What are the learning theories

A
  • operant conditioning (skinner)
  • traditional conditioning (Pavolv)
  • social cognitive learning (Bandura)
18
Q

What are the cognitive developmental theories

A
  • piagets cognitive stages
  • information processing theory
19
Q

What are the contextual development theorys

A
  • bronfenbrenner
  • vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
20
Q

What is erikson’s theory

A
  • identifies 8 stages of development
  • each in the form of a crisis/conflict
  • the person must resolve to develop a fully functioning personality
  • Development of virtue
  • Focused on the social and cultural influences
  • Conflicts that are never fully resolved in earlier stages may affect later development
21
Q
A

trust vs mistrust
hope

22
Q
A

autonomy vs shame and doubt
will

23
Q
A

Initiative vs guilt
purpose

24
Q
A

industry vs inferiority
competence

25
Q
A

identity vs role confusion
fidelity (faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.)

26
Q
A

intimacy vs isolation
Love

27
Q

What is skinners operant conditioning theory

A
  • Change a behaviour based on what happens after the behaviour
  • Once a behaviour happens use a reinforcement or a punishment to increase or decrease the likelihood of repeated behaviour
  • Includes positive and negative reinforcement
    e.g. getting ice-cream after getting good grades Negative reinforcement = When something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behaviour happening again (can be good or bad) e.g. not having to do chores for a week after getting good grades
28
Q

What is Pavlov’s traditional conditioning theory

A
  • The dog salivating at a bell
  • Change a behaviour based on what happens before the behaviour happens
  • Use a stimulus to elicit a behaviour
  • Stimulus –> behaviour

e.g. Example As a child, perhaps you were given a special treat or privilege upon earning good grades on report cards or progress reports. You may have begun to associate good grades with a special treat.

29
Q

What is piaget’s cognitive stages theory

A

There are 4 stages of cognitive development. He argued that younger people aren’t less intelligent than adults but they think differently. There are qualitative and quantitative ways in which humans think differently as they age.

30
Q

what are the 4 major stages is piaget’s theory

A
  • sensorimotor
  • preoperational
  • concrete operations
  • formal operations
31
Q

what age is the sensorimotor stage

A

birth - 2 years

32
Q

What age is the preoperational stage

A

2-7

33
Q

What age is concrete operations

A

7-11

34
Q

What age is formal operations stage

A

11 yrs - through adulthood

35
Q

What is bronfenbrenner’s theory

A

There is a person functioning within a complex of different systems which range from different closeness to the individual. Interaction between these different systems and how it impacts an individual.
This model explains how various environmental factors interact and influence human development across the lifespan.

  • microsystem
  • mesosystem
  • exosystem
  • macrosystem
36
Q

What is Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

A
  • Emphasizes social interaction in development
  • Zone of proximal development
    Emphasises social interaction in development. Through social interaction children will have a higher mental function.
37
Q

what is the zone of proximal development

A

how much more an individual can develop above their own capacity

38
Q

what is potential capacity

A

ZPD + child’s own capacity With social interaction an individual can achieve more than the individual own capacity.

HS1003 (8 decks)

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