Week 5: Children/Young People and Health Flashcards
what approach does the Ottawa charter focus on?
health promotion
in the ottawa charter, policy becomes the focus and replaces?
behaviour
in the ottawa charter, the lifestyle approach is replaced by?
skills enhancement and greater focus on social systems (determinants of health)
in the ottawa charter, what are the multi-dimensional strategies for?
- target risk and protective factors
- address multiple settings
how does the ottawa charter define health?
- extent an individual or group can realise aspirations and satisfy needs and change or cope w/ environment
the ottawa charter was ground breaking because it?
focused on underlying social determinants of health
build healthy public policy combines
legislation, fiscal measures, taxation and organisational change
build healthy public policy: coordinated action that leads to?
health, income and social policies that foster greater equity
build healthy public policy identifies obstacles to
- the adoption of health public policies in non-health sectors
- ways of removing them
build healthy public policy makes the healthier choice ….?
the easier choice for policy makers
what are these an example of? smoke free workplaces - pool fencing laws -bicycle helmet laws - nutritional labelling regulation -occupational health and safety laws - improved car safety features
health public policy (BHPP)
create supportive environments involves a systematic assessment of
the health impact of a rapidly changing environment
create supportive environments acknowledges that changing patterns of …?
life, work and leisure impact health
create supportive environments focuses on the protection of the?
natural and built environments and the conservation of natural resources
strengthen community action promotes health through
- setting priorities
- making decisions
- planning strategies
- implementation
how does strengthen community action empower communities?
- enhance self-help and social support
- develop flexible systems for strengthening public participation
- access to info., learning opportunities for health, funding support
develop personal skills supplies information on
- education for health
- enhancing life skills
develop personal skills increases options to
- more control over own health
- control over environment
- make positive choices
how does develop personal skills help with education throughout life?
- coping w/ chronic illness/injury
- school, home, work and community settings
- action through educational, professional, commercial and voluntary bodies, and within the institutions themselves
reorient health services opens channels between the
health sector and broader social, political, economic and physical environmental components
reorient health services has a stronger attention to
health research and professional education and training
health and illness is outcome of complex interactions of
biology, lifestyle, social and environment factors
agency-structure dynamic
what is an example of structure than can influence the interactions of health?
infrastructure and systems
can one-off programs address multiple determinants?
No
- there needs to be a combination of strategies since many determinants are beyond health sector
inter-sectoral strategies?
- the combination of strategies used to address multiple determinants must rely on collaborations and partnerships (inter-sectoral strategies)
the socio-ecological framework assumes that people will take action if ?
they are involved and enabled to take active roles
examples of measuring population health status
- national surveys
- vital statistics: births and deaths
- life expectancy
what are the risk factors in the determinants approach
behavioural and biomedical
a determinants approach calculates the contribution of
risk and protective factors to health and disease - population level estimation
population level estimate? example
if we know the proportion of people who have risk factor (smoking vs. non smoking) it can be estimated that around 80% of all lung cancer cases can be attributed to smoking
determinants approach does not discount individual risk factors, rather it
uses population view of risk factors to identify what the significant public health issues are and what groups/populations to target
foundations of adult health are laid in?
in-utero, perinatal and early childhood periods
what provides building blocks for future social, emotional, cognitive and physical wellbeing?
healthy physical development and emotional support
disadvantage as a determinant of child health leads to?
- poor school performance
- affecting adult opportunities for employment, income, health literacy and care
- contributes to inter generational transmission of disadvantage
what is responsible for most childhood illness and death?
social determinants
social determinants of child health involve a complex inter-relationships of what factors?
distal social factors (income and education) and proximal factors (health behaviours)
how many children live in poverty (living on less than 50% of median income)
- 17%
how many children living in poverty live in lone parent households compared to couple households
41% lone parent
13% couple
how many single parents live below the poverty line
33%
compared to highest socioeconomic women, women from lowest socioeconomic areas:
- more likely to begin antenatal care later in pregnancy
- smoke in pregnancy
- overweight/obese in pregn.
- 30% more likely to have low birthweight baby
- more likely to give birth early
what are the 4 main objectives of the COAG child health
- children/young people are active, healthy and thriving
- children/young people are immunised against preventable illness
- children/young people have lower rates of preventable injury and mortality
- children/young people experience lower rates and impact of chronic disease
- children and young people are active healthy and thriving
how much of daily energy came from discretionary foods?
35%
- children and young people are active healthy and thriving
how many children ate recommended fruit and vege servings?
70% fruit
3% vegetables
- children and young people are active healthy and thriving
how many preschoolers are overweight/ obese
20% overweight
9% clinically obese
how many indigenous children do not have adequate fruit and vege intake
85%
outcomes of malnutrition
- physical development
- psychological development
who can manage malnutrition?
- cultural and societal responsibility
- optimisation opportunity for parents
- children/ young people are immunised
how many australian children fully immunised by starting school
93%
how many indigenous children are immunised by starting school
94%
why are the vaccine objection rates falling slightly
- removal of conscientious objection
- close the gap
- addressing vaccine myths (5mil$ government campaign)
- children have lower rates of preventable injury/mortality
have injury rates changed since 1993?
not changed significantly
- children have lower rates of preventable injury/mortality
what are the major risks
falls and transport accidents
what is the biggest risk to infant deaths
- perinatal conditions and congenital conditions (76%)
- SIDS (6%)
- other (5%)
- accidental breathing threats (1.2%)
- children experience lower rates and impact of chronic disease
asthma, hay fever and food allergies?
asthma 11%
hay fever 11%
food allergies 6.3%
in 2014, how many new cases of type 1 diabetes found in children
1088
risking our children doco questions
Q1. What social determinants of child and adolescent well-being are discussed in the documentary?
Q2. According to Professor Stanley, what are the ‘big negative influences’ on child and adolescent well-being? How do these impact on the life chances of children/ young people?
Q3. How does the ‘global world’ impact on child and adolescent health and well-being?
Q4. What action principles from the Ottawa Charter (if any) are evident in the documentary ‘Risking our Kids’?
