Week 5: Children/Young People and Health

Question 1

what approach does the Ottawa charter focus on?

Answer 1

health promotion

Question 2

in the ottawa charter, policy becomes the focus and replaces?

Answer 2

behaviour

Question 3

in the ottawa charter, the lifestyle approach is replaced by?

Answer 3

skills enhancement and greater focus on social systems (determinants of health)

Question 4

in the ottawa charter, what are the multi-dimensional strategies for?

Answer 4

• target risk and protective factors

- address multiple settings

Question 5

how does the ottawa charter define health?

Answer 5

• extent an individual or group can realise aspirations and satisfy needs and change or cope w/ environment

Question 6

the ottawa charter was ground breaking because it?

Answer 6

focused on underlying social determinants of health

Question 7

build healthy public policy combines

Answer 7

legislation, fiscal measures, taxation and organisational change

Question 8

build healthy public policy: coordinated action that leads to?

Answer 8

health, income and social policies that foster greater equity

Question 9

build healthy public policy identifies obstacles to

Answer 9

• the adoption of health public policies in non-health sectors
• ways of removing them

Question 10

build healthy public policy makes the healthier choice ….?

Answer 10

the easier choice for policy makers

Question 11

what are these an example of? 
smoke free workplaces
- pool fencing laws
-bicycle helmet laws 
- nutritional labelling regulation 
-occupational health and safety laws 
- improved car safety features

Answer 11

health public policy (BHPP)

Question 12

create supportive environments involves a systematic assessment of

Answer 12

the health impact of a rapidly changing environment

Question 13

create supportive environments acknowledges that changing patterns of …?

Answer 13

life, work and leisure impact health

Question 14

create supportive environments focuses on the protection of the?

Answer 14

natural and built environments and the conservation of natural resources

Question 15

strengthen community action promotes health through

Answer 15

• setting priorities
• making decisions
• planning strategies
• implementation

Question 16

how does strengthen community action empower communities?

Answer 16

• enhance self-help and social support
• develop flexible systems for strengthening public participation
• access to info., learning opportunities for health, funding support

Question 17

develop personal skills supplies information on

Answer 17

• education for health

- enhancing life skills

Question 18

develop personal skills increases options to

Answer 18

• more control over own health
• control over environment
• make positive choices

Question 19

how does develop personal skills help with education throughout life?

Answer 19

• coping w/ chronic illness/injury
• school, home, work and community settings
• action through educational, professional, commercial and voluntary bodies, and within the institutions themselves

Question 20

reorient health services opens channels between the

Answer 20

health sector and broader social, political, economic and physical environmental components

Question 21

reorient health services has a stronger attention to

Answer 21

health research and professional education and training

Question 22

health and illness is outcome of complex interactions of

Answer 22

biology, lifestyle, social and environment factors

agency-structure dynamic

Question 23

what is an example of structure than can influence the interactions of health?

Answer 23

infrastructure and systems

Question 24

can one-off programs address multiple determinants?

Answer 24

No

- there needs to be a combination of strategies since many determinants are beyond health sector

Question 25

inter-sectoral strategies?

Answer 25

- the combination of strategies used to address multiple determinants must rely on collaborations and partnerships (inter-sectoral strategies)

Question 26

the socio-ecological framework assumes that people will take action if ?

Answer 26

they are involved and enabled to take active roles

Question 27

examples of measuring population health status

Answer 27

- national surveys - vital statistics: births and deaths - life expectancy

Question 28

what are the risk factors in the determinants approach

Answer 28

behavioural and biomedical

Question 29

a determinants approach calculates the contribution of

Answer 29

risk and protective factors to health and disease - population level estimation

Question 30

population level estimate? example

Answer 30

if we know the proportion of people who have risk factor (smoking vs. non smoking) it can be estimated that around 80% of all lung cancer cases can be attributed to smoking

Question 31

determinants approach does not discount individual risk factors, rather it

Answer 31

uses population view of risk factors to identify what the significant public health issues are and what groups/populations to target

Question 32

foundations of adult health are laid in?

Answer 32

in-utero, perinatal and early childhood periods

Question 33

what provides building blocks for future social, emotional, cognitive and physical wellbeing?

Answer 33

healthy physical development and emotional support

Question 34

disadvantage as a determinant of child health leads to?

Answer 34

- poor school performance - affecting adult opportunities for employment, income, health literacy and care - contributes to inter generational transmission of disadvantage

Question 35

what is responsible for most childhood illness and death?

Answer 35

social determinants

Question 36

social determinants of child health involve a complex inter-relationships of what factors?

Answer 36

distal social factors (income and education) and proximal factors (health behaviours)

Question 37

how many children live in poverty (living on less than 50% of median income)

Answer 37

- 17%

Question 38

how many children living in poverty live in lone parent households compared to couple households

Answer 38

41% lone parent | 13% couple

Question 39

how many single parents live below the poverty line

Answer 39

33%

Question 40

compared to highest socioeconomic women, women from lowest socioeconomic areas:

Answer 40

- more likely to begin antenatal care later in pregnancy - smoke in pregnancy - overweight/obese in pregn. - 30% more likely to have low birthweight baby - more likely to give birth early

Question 41

what are the 4 main objectives of the COAG child health

Answer 41

1. children/young people are active, healthy and thriving 2. children/young people are immunised against preventable illness 3. children/young people have lower rates of preventable injury and mortality 4. children/young people experience lower rates and impact of chronic disease

Question 42

1. children and young people are active healthy and thriving how much of daily energy came from discretionary foods?

Answer 42

35%

Question 43

1. children and young people are active healthy and thriving how many children ate recommended fruit and vege servings?

Answer 43

70% fruit | 3% vegetables

Question 44

1. children and young people are active healthy and thriving how many preschoolers are overweight/ obese

Answer 44

20% overweight | 9% clinically obese

Question 45

how many indigenous children do not have adequate fruit and vege intake

Answer 45

85%

Question 46

outcomes of malnutrition

Answer 46

- physical development | - psychological development

Question 47

who can manage malnutrition?

Answer 47

- cultural and societal responsibility | - optimisation opportunity for parents

Question 48

2. children/ young people are immunised how many australian children fully immunised by starting school

Answer 48

93%

Question 49

how many indigenous children are immunised by starting school

Answer 49

94%

Question 50

why are the vaccine objection rates falling slightly

Answer 50

- removal of conscientious objection - close the gap - addressing vaccine myths (5mil$ government campaign)

Question 51

3. children have lower rates of preventable injury/mortality have injury rates changed since 1993?

Answer 51

not changed significantly

Question 52

3. children have lower rates of preventable injury/mortality what are the major risks

Answer 52

falls and transport accidents

Question 53

what is the biggest risk to infant deaths

Answer 53

- perinatal conditions and congenital conditions (76%) - SIDS (6%) - other (5%) - accidental breathing threats (1.2%)

Question 54

4. children experience lower rates and impact of chronic disease asthma, hay fever and food allergies?

Answer 54

asthma 11% hay fever 11% food allergies 6.3%

Question 55

in 2014, how many new cases of type 1 diabetes found in children

Answer 55

1088

Question 56

risking our children doco questions

Answer 56

Q1. What social determinants of child and adolescent well-being are discussed in the documentary? Q2. According to Professor Stanley, what are the ‘big negative influences’ on child and adolescent well-being? How do these impact on the life chances of children/ young people? Q3. How does the ‘global world’ impact on child and adolescent health and well-being? Q4. What action principles from the Ottawa Charter (if any) are evident in the documentary ‘Risking our Kids’?