Final Exam Short Answer Flashcards
5 social determinants of Indigenous health.
- Health behaviours (smoking)
- Socio-cultural (stolen generation)
- Racism
- Socioeconomic disadvantage (Household income & Education)
- Socioeconomic disadvantage (access to health care)
Health behaviour (smoking) (hint: 4 points)
- risk factor that greatly impacts health of Indigenous.
- largest preventable cause of death and disease.
- prevalence is double w/ greater impact
- underlies the higher rates of stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases
stolen generations (hint: 4 points)
- affected suffer wide range of mental health and social problems
- increased rates of depression, self-harm and suicide
- increased harmful consumption of alcohol and other drugs, DV, child abuse and disadvantage (additional)
- these unresolved issues contribute to continuing poor social and emotional well-being
SES disadvantage: household income, education (hint: 3)
- average weekly household income significantly lower
- lower amount complete year 10 and 12, and lower amount attend TAFE or have uni degree.
- socioeconomic disadvantage creates greater risk of exposure to behavioural and environmental health risk factors
SES disadvantage: access to health (hint: 2)
- do not enjoy equal access to primary health care and health infrastructure (safe drinking water, effective water sewerage, rubbish collection services, healthy housing)
- higher proportion of indig. households living in condiitons that don’t support good health.
racism (hint: 2)
- key determinant of ill-health
- report negative treatment because of race = more likely to have poorer mental, physical and self-reported general health
Q2: impairment vs. disability STRUCTURE (hint: 6)
- define impairment and compare to disability (provide example)
- social model of disability and its association to deinstitutionalisation
- theory of deinstitutionalisation.
- remains of social apartheid
- social exclusion
- negative outcomes of social exclusion
Impairment vs. disability
- impairment refers to physical or mental condition that affects functioning
- disability: what society makes of someone’s impairment (environment designed for wheelchairs, disabling aspects of mobility limitations minimised)
social model of disability and deinstitutionalisation
model associated w/ deinstitutionalisation of disability services and the closure of large institutions that provided treatment and care
theory and aim of deinstitutionalisation
break down the barriers and integrate mentally ill into community
form of social apartheid remains
while mainstreaming of disability services has existed for over 2 decades, it is argued that a form of social apartheid remains, even though people w/ disabilities are no longer physically segregated from the rest of the population (social exclusion)
social exclusion
there remain..
many symbolic, physical and social barriers that create isolation and social exclusion, preventing normal existence
what negative outcomes of social exclusion
- reflected in a range of negative outcomes
- low incomes, poor health, difficulties in establishing intimate relationships and friendships, and weak labour market participation
Q3: public health vs. medical advances STRUCTURE (hint: 4)
- define medical advances in relation to biomedical model.
- public health initiatives and social medicine/public health movement
- historical example
- contemporary examples
Medical advances relate to?
biomedical model
- illness is a malfunction of the body’s biological mechanisms.
- focus on treating individual and generally ignores social origins of illness and its prevention
public health initiatives refer to?
historically, social medicine and the public health movement
what is social medicine and public health movement
recognition that the social environment played a significant role in the spread of disease
- infectious diseases that afflicted individuals had social origins that necessitated social reforms to prevent their onset
historical example of public health initiative
‘sanitary idea’ that disease could be prevented through improved waste disposal and sewerage systems.
contemporary public health initiatives
slip, slop, slap, compulsory seat belts, anti-smoking, indigenous behaviour targeting to minimise cardiovascular disease
Q4: rural/remote health 2 structural factors STRUCTURE (hint: 5).
- primary industries being mechanised and effect
- agricultural sector and its problems
- effect of downturn in agricultural vitality
- health status and increasing distance form urban areas
- fewer doctors per capita and access etc.
mechanisation of primary industries (2 points)
- less human effort required to produce same outputs
- in towns where large proportion work in same industry, closure of single mine/sawmill can have long-lasting effects.
agricultural sector problems
-declining farm incomes, farm amalgamation and enlargement and the outmigration of the agricultural population
downturn in agricultural vitality
- diminishing farm incomes can increase local unemployment, which can prompt people to leave in search of work, resulting in depopulation that can prompt the closure of hospitals, schools, banks and other services
- further diminishes the viability and appeal of community
health status and increasing distance from urban areas
- health status decreases
- uneven geographic distribution of aust. healthcare workforce.
- fewer doctors per capita in rural and remote areas in comparison.
- accessing preventative or curative services may necessitate time consuming, costly, and inconvenient travel.
