Week 5 A&P

Question 1

One function of this long bone structure is the storage of energy in the form of:

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

Answer 1

e) marrow

Question 2

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones:

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

Answer 2

b) epiphysis

Question 3

This is the shaft of a long bone

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

Answer 3

a) diaphysis

Question 4

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length:

a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) nutrient foramen
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate

Answer 4

e) epiphyseal plate

Question 5

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint:

a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) nutrient foramen
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate

Answer 5

d) articular cartilage

Question 6

This is the region of a long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis:

a) epiphyseal plate
b) epiphyseal line
c) metaphysis
d) diaphyseal line
e) diaphyseal plate

Answer 6

c) metaphysis

Question 7

This is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in thickening of the bone:

a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) marrow
d) epiphysis
e) metaphysis

Answer 7

a) periosteum

Question 8

Which of the following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialised stem cell to highly specialised mature bone cell?

a) osteogenic cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes
b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
c) osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts
d) osteoblasts, osteogenic cells, osteocytes
e) none of these choices

Answer 8

b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

Question 9

These are considered bone dissolving cells:

a) osteogenic cells
b) osteoclasts
c) osteocyte
d) osteoblasts
e) all of these choices

Answer 9

d) osteoblasts

Question 10

Which of these structures contain osteocytes:

a) haversian canals
b) Volkmann’s canals
c) concentric lamellae
d) lacunae
e) canaliculi

Answer 10

d) lacunae

Question 11

These are an extension of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid:

a) Volkmann’s canals
b) haversian canals
c) osteons
d) canaliculi
e) periosteum

Answer 11

d) canaliculi

Question 12

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned:

a) horizontal to the metaphysics
b) parallel to the epiphysis
c) parallel to the length of the diaphysis
d) randomly between the epiphyseal plates
e) parallel to the perforating canals

Answer 12

c) parallel to the length of the diaphysis

Question 13

Which of the following statements about bone remodelling is FALSE?

a) it occurs throughout your lifetime
b) it involves bone resorption
c) it involves bone deposition
d) it occurs at different rates at different locations
e) it occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone

Answer 13

e) it occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone

Question 14

The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is:

a) 4% per year
b) 15% per year
c) 20% per year
d) 25% per year
e) extremely difficult to measure

Answer 14

a) 4% per year

Question 15

Which of the following two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?

a) calcium and chlorine
b) magnesium and sulfur
c) calcium and phosphorus
d) manganese and sulfur
e) potassium and phosphorous

Answer 15

c) calcium and phosphorus

Question 16

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the four zones of cartilage found within the growth plate starting at the epiphysis and extending to the diaphysis?

a) calcified cartilage, resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage hypertrophic cartilage
b) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, calcified cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage
c) proliferating cartilage, resting cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
d) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
e) hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage, proliferating cartilage, resting cartilage

Answer 16

d) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage

Question 17

During adulthood, which of the following does NOT significantly contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

a) parathyroid hormones
b) vitamin D
c) epinephrine
d) sex steroids
e) human growth hormone

Answer 17

c) epinephrine

Question 18

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children:

a) open
b) comminuted
c) impacted
d) greenstick
e) stress

Answer 18

d) greenstick

Question 19

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

a) rib
b) clavicle
c) humerus
d) ulna
e) tibia

Answer 19

e) tibia

Question 20

Which of the following conditions is characterised by reduced bone mass due to a decreased rate of bone synthesis to a level too low to compensate for normal bone respiration?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) osteomyelitis
c) osteophytes
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

Answer 20

e) osteopenia

Question 21

Which of the following conditions is a cancer affecting osteoblasts?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) rickets
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

Answer 21

a) osteogenic sarcoma

Question 22

Which of the following conditions is observed in adults when new bone formed during bone remodelling fails to calcify?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) osteoporosis
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

Answer 22

c) osteomalacia

Question 23

Which of the following conditions results when then articular cartilages in a joint degenerate to the point where the bony ends of articulating bones touch?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) rickets
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

Answer 23

d) osteoarthritis

Question 24

Osteomalacia is a disease in which inadequate calcification of the bone matrix results in bones becoming ‘soft’ or rubbery to the point that they become very fragile and fracture easily. Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones would produce similar changes in bone?

a) calcitonin
b) calcitriol
c) PTH
d) growth hormone
e) epinephrine

Answer 24

c) PTH

Question 25

Hypersection of human growth hormone in childhood results in:

a) giantism
b) acromegaly
c) dwarfism
d) rickets
e) nothing will happen

Answer 25

a) giantism

Question 26

The general process by which bones form is called:

a) ossification
b) osteomalacia
c) calcification
d) apposition
e) orthodontics

Answer 26

a) ossification

Question 27

During endochondral ossification in a fetus, bones initially develop as a cartilage model surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the:

a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) perichondrium
d) perimysium
e) trabeculae

Answer 27

c) perichondrium

Question 28

Which of the following substances are stored in the structure of adult bones for use by other tissues in the body?

a) calcium
b) phosphorus
c) triglycerides
d) iron
e) more than one of these substances is stored in bone

Answer 28

e) more than one of these substances is stored in bone

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

a) support
b) locomotion
c) hemopoiesis
d) energy storage
e) carcinogenesis

Answer 29

e) carcinogenesis

Question 30

Like other _______, bone tissue contains an abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells.

a) epithelial tissues
b) muscular tissues
c) nervous tissues
d) connective tissues
e) facial tissues

Answer 30

d) connective tissues

Question 31

Calcium is involved in all of the following important bodily functions EXCEPT:

a) blood clotting
b) nervous system communication
c) muscle contraction
d) acting as a cofactor in some enzymatic reactions
e) being the primary cation that regulates osmotic balance in cells

Answer 31

e) being the primary cation that regulates osmotic balance in cells