Week 5 A&P Flashcards
One function of this long bone structure is the storage of energy in the form of:
a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow
e) marrow
This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones:
a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow
b) epiphysis
This is the shaft of a long bone
a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow
a) diaphysis
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length:
a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) nutrient foramen
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate
e) epiphyseal plate
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint:
a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) nutrient foramen
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate
d) articular cartilage
This is the region of a long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis:
a) epiphyseal plate
b) epiphyseal line
c) metaphysis
d) diaphyseal line
e) diaphyseal plate
c) metaphysis
This is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in thickening of the bone:
a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) marrow
d) epiphysis
e) metaphysis
a) periosteum
Which of the following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialised stem cell to highly specialised mature bone cell?
a) osteogenic cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes
b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
c) osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts
d) osteoblasts, osteogenic cells, osteocytes
e) none of these choices
b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
These are considered bone dissolving cells:
a) osteogenic cells
b) osteoclasts
c) osteocyte
d) osteoblasts
e) all of these choices
d) osteoblasts
Which of these structures contain osteocytes:
a) haversian canals
b) Volkmann’s canals
c) concentric lamellae
d) lacunae
e) canaliculi
d) lacunae
These are an extension of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid:
a) Volkmann’s canals
b) haversian canals
c) osteons
d) canaliculi
e) periosteum
d) canaliculi
Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned:
a) horizontal to the metaphysics
b) parallel to the epiphysis
c) parallel to the length of the diaphysis
d) randomly between the epiphyseal plates
e) parallel to the perforating canals
c) parallel to the length of the diaphysis
Which of the following statements about bone remodelling is FALSE?
a) it occurs throughout your lifetime
b) it involves bone resorption
c) it involves bone deposition
d) it occurs at different rates at different locations
e) it occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone
e) it occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone
The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is:
a) 4% per year
b) 15% per year
c) 20% per year
d) 25% per year
e) extremely difficult to measure
a) 4% per year
Which of the following two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?
a) calcium and chlorine
b) magnesium and sulfur
c) calcium and phosphorus
d) manganese and sulfur
e) potassium and phosphorous
c) calcium and phosphorus
Which of the following correctly lists the order of the four zones of cartilage found within the growth plate starting at the epiphysis and extending to the diaphysis?
a) calcified cartilage, resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage hypertrophic cartilage
b) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, calcified cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage
c) proliferating cartilage, resting cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
d) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
e) hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage, proliferating cartilage, resting cartilage
d) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
During adulthood, which of the following does NOT significantly contribute to bone remodeling and growth?
a) parathyroid hormones
b) vitamin D
c) epinephrine
d) sex steroids
e) human growth hormone
c) epinephrine
This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children:
a) open
b) comminuted
c) impacted
d) greenstick
e) stress
d) greenstick
About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?
a) rib
b) clavicle
c) humerus
d) ulna
e) tibia
e) tibia
Which of the following conditions is characterised by reduced bone mass due to a decreased rate of bone synthesis to a level too low to compensate for normal bone respiration?
a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) osteomyelitis
c) osteophytes
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia
e) osteopenia
Which of the following conditions is a cancer affecting osteoblasts?
a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) rickets
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia
a) osteogenic sarcoma
Which of the following conditions is observed in adults when new bone formed during bone remodelling fails to calcify?
a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) osteoporosis
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia
c) osteomalacia
Which of the following conditions results when then articular cartilages in a joint degenerate to the point where the bony ends of articulating bones touch?
a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) rickets
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia
d) osteoarthritis
Osteomalacia is a disease in which inadequate calcification of the bone matrix results in bones becoming ‘soft’ or rubbery to the point that they become very fragile and fracture easily. Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones would produce similar changes in bone?
a) calcitonin
b) calcitriol
c) PTH
d) growth hormone
e) epinephrine
c) PTH
Hypersection of human growth hormone in childhood results in:
a) giantism
b) acromegaly
c) dwarfism
d) rickets
e) nothing will happen
a) giantism
The general process by which bones form is called:
a) ossification
b) osteomalacia
c) calcification
d) apposition
e) orthodontics
a) ossification
During endochondral ossification in a fetus, bones initially develop as a cartilage model surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the:
a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) perichondrium
d) perimysium
e) trabeculae
c) perichondrium
Which of the following substances are stored in the structure of adult bones for use by other tissues in the body?
a) calcium
b) phosphorus
c) triglycerides
d) iron
e) more than one of these substances is stored in bone
e) more than one of these substances is stored in bone
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?
a) support
b) locomotion
c) hemopoiesis
d) energy storage
e) carcinogenesis
e) carcinogenesis
Like other _______, bone tissue contains an abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells.
a) epithelial tissues
b) muscular tissues
c) nervous tissues
d) connective tissues
e) facial tissues
d) connective tissues
Calcium is involved in all of the following important bodily functions EXCEPT:
a) blood clotting
b) nervous system communication
c) muscle contraction
d) acting as a cofactor in some enzymatic reactions
e) being the primary cation that regulates osmotic balance in cells
e) being the primary cation that regulates osmotic balance in cells
